Prevalence of Substance Use in an HIV Primary Care Safety Net Clinic: A Call for Screening

Dawson–Rose, Carol; Draughon, Jessica E.; Cuca, Yvette; Huang, Emily; Freeborn, Kellie; Lum, Paula J.

doi:10.1016/j.jana.2015.12.001

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In our study, PLHIV in CL2 (mainly users of heroin and cocaine) represented around 6% of the total sample and among them, 2% were PWID. Despite this decrease, it is essential to pay attention to these groups of people because we found they presented the lowest levels of adherence to treatment [20,21]. With this regard, PLHIV who were users of heroin and cocaine presented the poorest biological markers of HIV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Substance use may have a negative impact on HIV care and prevention. Some literature showed a negative effect of illicit drug use on HIV disease [20]; on transmission risk behaviour leading to the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) [7,11,16], low adherence to ART [21,22], and interactions with ART [23,24]. The first step to tackle this situation is to understand the current use of these drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca¹,

Castro-Granell

Garin

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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This study assessed the prevalence and patterns of drug use among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Spain. We conducted an observational cross-sectional study including 1401 PLHIV. Data were collected through 33 sites across Spain using an online computer-assisted self-administered interview. The survey measured use of illicit drugs and other substances, treatment adherence and health-related variables. To analyse patterns of drug use we performed cluster analysis in two stages. The most frequently consumed substances were: alcohol (86.7%), tobacco (55.0%), illicit drugs (49.5%), other substances (27.1%). The most prevalent illicit drugs used were cannabis (73.8%), cocaine powder (53.9%), and poppers (45.4%). Results found four clusters of PLHIV who used drugs. Two of them were composed mainly of heterosexuals (HTX): Cluster 1 (n = 172) presented the lowest polydrug use and they were mainly users of cannabis, and Cluster 2 (n = 84) grouped mostly men who used mainly heroin and cocaine; which had the highest percentage of people who inject drugs and presented the lowest level of treatment adherence (79.8±14.2; p < .0001). The other two clusters were composed mainly of men who have sex with men (MSM), who were mostly users of recreational drugs. Cluster 3 (n = 285) reported moderate consumption, both regarding frequency and diversity of drugs used, while Cluster 4 (n = 153) was characterized by the highest drug polyconsumption (7.4±2.2; p < .0001), and 4 grouped MSM who injected recreational drugs, and who reported the highest frequency of use of drugs in a sexual context (2.6±0.8; p < .0001) and rates of sexually transmitted infections (1.8±1.1; p < .01). This is the largest multi-centre cross-sectional study assessing the current prevalence and patterns of drug use among PLHIV in Spain. The highest prevalence of drug use was found among MSM, although HTX who used heroin and cocaine (Cluster 2) had the most problems with adherence to HIV treatment and the worst health status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

Fuster‐RuizdeApodaca¹,

Castro-Granell

Garin

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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“…Screening of substance use at PHC could especially benefit the PLWH and enable them to make informed decisions on substance use management. 15 Substance use is often under-diagnosed in PHC settings. Despite the substantial health and social impact of substance use on the continuity of HIV care, patients reporting to PHC settings are not consistently screened for substance use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of substance use amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus who attend primary healthcare services in Mthatha, South Africa

Kaswa

Villiers

2020

South African Family Practice

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Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey recruited adult PLWH who attended primary healthcare (PHC) services in Mthatha between 15 March and 15 April 2018. The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test questionnaire (ASSIST), a tool validated by the World Health Organization, was used for data collection.Results: Out of a total 347 participants, 53% reported lifetime substance use and 32% admitted current use of a substance. Alcohol was the most common substance reported, followed by tobacco and cannabis. The majority of participants were female (75.2%), unemployed (70.8%), had secondary school-level education (85.2%) and a per capita household income below the national food poverty line (75%). The mean age of the participants was 37.9 years (standard deviation [SD] ± 10.33); this was marginally higher for male (39.9 years; SD ± 10.92) than female (37.2 years; SD ± 10.06) participants. Conclusion:This study has shown that there is a high prevalence of lifetime and current alcohol abuse amongst PLWH who make use of PHC services in the Mthatha area of South Africa. Of particular concern are the strong pointers towards younger people and males.

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“…Methamphetamine (METH) use and METH dependence (METH+) are prevalent among PWH (Cohen et al, 2016;Dawson-Rose et al, 2017;Hartzler et al, 2017). While amphetamines improve cognitive function among amphetamine-naïve (MacQueen, Minassian, Henry, et al, 2018;Smith & Farah, 2011) and some clinical samples (e.g., attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; Baroni & Castellanos, 2015;Sagvolden & Xu, 2008), METH+ has been linked to neurocognitive impairment (Potvin et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained attention and vigilance deficits associated with HIV and a history of methamphetamine dependence

Pocuca

Young

MacQueen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). One factor that is elevated among persons with HIV (PWH) and independently associated with neurocognitive impairment is methamphetamine dependence (METH+). Such dependence may further increase cognitive impairment among PWH, by delaying HIV diagnosis (and thus, ART initiation), which has been posited to account for persistent cognitive impairment among PWH, despite subsequent treatment-related viral load suppression (VLS; <50 copies of the virus per milliliter in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid). This study examined the independent and combined (additive versus synergistic) effects of HIV and history of METH+ on the sustained attention and vigilance cognitive domain, while controlling for VLS. Methods: Participants included 205 (median age=44 years; 77% males; HIV-/METH-n=67; HIV+/METH -n=49; HIV-/METH+ n=36; HIV+/METH+ n=53) individuals enrolled in the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center, who completed Conners' and the 5-Choice continuous performance tests (CPTs). Results: METH+ participants exhibited deficits in sustained attention and vigilance; however, these effects were not significant after excluding participants who had a positive urine toxicology screen for methamphetamine. Controlling for VLS, PWH did not have worse sustained attention and vigilance, but consistently displayed slower reaction times across blocks, relative to HIV-participants. There was no HIV x METH interaction on sustained attention and vigilance. Conclusions: Recent methamphetamine use among METH+ people and detectable viral loads are detrimental to sustained attention and vigilance. These findings highlight the need for prompt diagnosis of HIV and initiation of ART, and METH use interventions. Sustained attention and vigilance deficits associated with HIV and a history of methamphetamine dependence 1.

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Prevalence of Substance Use in an HIV Primary Care Safety Net Clinic: A Call for Screening

Cited by 22 publications

References 53 publications

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and patterns of illicit drug use in people living with HIV in Spain: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence of substance use amongst people living with human immunodeficiency virus who attend primary healthcare services in Mthatha, South Africa

Sustained attention and vigilance deficits associated with HIV and a history of methamphetamine dependence

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