Prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors in China: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018–19

Liu, Zhao; Li, Yinghua; Cui, Zi-Yang; Li, Li; Nie, Xueqiong; Yu, Chengdong; Shan, Guangliang; Zhou, Xinmei; Qin, Rui; Cheng, Anqi; Chung, Kian Fan; Chen, Zhengming; Xiao, Dingquan; Wang, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100464

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The CHLS is a nationally representative annual household survey, which started in 2012 and collects data from non-institutionalized men and women aged 15-69 years. Details of CHLS have been reported elsewhere (10).…”

Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experience of tobacco withdrawal symptoms among current smokers and ex-smokers in the general population: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19

Cui

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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ObjectiveTo clarify the extent to which smokers in the general population experience tobacco withdrawal symptoms and whether such experience differs in those who continue to smoke and those who stopped smoking.MethodsWe included relevant questions in the nationally-representative China Health Literacy Survey (CHLS) conducted in 2018–2019. Among 87,028 participants, there were 22,115 ever-smokers aged 20–69 years who provided information on their smoking history and their experience of tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Multivariate logistic regressions were conducted to explore the association between withdrawal symptoms and other variables.ResultsAmong ever-smokers, there were 19,643 (88.8%) current smokers and 2,472 (11.2%) ex-smokers. Among current smokers, 61.3% reported having tried to quit smoking in the past. Overall, 61.1% of current smokers reported experiencing withdrawal symptoms: 69.9% of those who tried to quit smoking in the past and 47.5% of those who did not. A lower proportion of ex-smokers experienced withdrawal symptoms (46.3%) and the difference remained significant after controlling for demographic characteristics (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.62–1.93, P < 0.001). The most commonly reported withdrawal symptoms in both current smokers and ex-smokers were craving, restlessness and anxiety. In the multivariable-adjusted analyses, those who experienced withdrawal symptoms when they tried to quit smoking (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.86–2.27) were less likely to successfully quit.ConclusionsThe clinical picture of the tobacco withdrawal syndrome is the same in current smokers and in ex-smokers, but ex-smokers are less likely to have experienced it. The experience of discomfort when unable to smoke is common and seems likely to be a major factor contributing to maintaining smoking behavior not just among individuals seeking help with quitting smoking, but among smokers generally.

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Section: Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The experience of tobacco withdrawal symptoms among current smokers and ex-smokers in the general population: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19

Cui

Zhao

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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“…1 , 16 A recent study found that the smoking rate in the whole population of mainland of China was approximately 25.1% (95% CI: 23.4–26.8%), comprising 47.6% (95% CI: 44.6–50.5) in men and 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3–2.6) in women. 17 Unfortunately, almost half of current smokers were dependent on tobacco (males: 49.7%/females: 50.8%), and tobacco dependence was strongly associated with aging. Hence, male sex and aging are two significant risk factors associated with smoking, leading to a high prevalence of COPD in older men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Older in Southeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study During 2019–2020

Chen¹,

Yin²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

COPD

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Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of many major public health problems in China, and its prevalence and associated risk factors in the southeast of China need to be determined to facilitate disease control and prevention. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 5486 participants aged ≥ 40 years from nine COPD monitoring districts in Fujian Province during 2019–2020. Participants were interviewed using a laptop-based questionnaire and underwent pulmonary function tests. COPD was diagnosed according to the 2019 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria. Results Final analysis was conducted using data from 4999 participants with qualified post-bronchodilator results. The prevalence of COPD was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.5–12.7). Risk factors for COPD in the logistic regression model were being male (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83, 95% CI: 2.01–3.98), > 70 years old (OR = 16.16, 95% CI: 8.14–32.08), having a low body mass index (BMI) (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.13–2.89), parental history of respiratory disease (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.50–2.10), being a current (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.83–4.36) or former (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.45–4.19) smoker, and indoor exposure to biomass (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58). Conclusion The estimated prevalence of COPD in southeast China is high. COPD was strongly associated with sex, aging, a low BMI, parental history of respiratory diseases, smoking, and indoor exposure to biomass in adults aged ≥ 40 years. The government should urgently implement comprehensive measures to reduce the risk factors for COPD.

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“…Tobacco use is also highly addictive. In a 2018–2019 analysis of 87,709 participants aged 20–69 in China, researchers found that against the backdrop of an already high prevalence of 25.1% of current smoking, men in China had an even higher rate−47.6% ( 10 ). These sobering statistics help explain why once people initiate and become accustomed to tobacco use, the addiction becomes entrenched and exceedingly difficult to manage, even when there is access to evidence-based interventions that are easy to adopt, such as technology-based programs ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A call to ban the sale of tobacco products

McDonnell

Cheshmehzangi

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Tobacco is both toxic and addictive. Mounting evidence shows that tobacco use has a detrimental impact on almost every aspect of human health, causing or worsening deadly public health crises from the cancer epidemic to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, while tobacco use is a threat to both personal and public health, it continues to surge across the world, especially in China and other low- and middle-income countries. To this end, this article argues in favor of using a ban on the sale of all tobacco products as a practical solution to the global tobacco use epidemic. It is our hope that insights provided by our work will inspire swift policy actions in countries such as China and beyond to curb the tide of rising tobacco consumption, so that populations around the world could be better shielded from the pervasive and long-lasting damage that tobacco products cause or compound.

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Prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors in China: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018–19

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

The experience of tobacco withdrawal symptoms among current smokers and ex-smokers in the general population: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19

The experience of tobacco withdrawal symptoms among current smokers and ex-smokers in the general population: Findings from nationwide China Health Literacy Survey during 2018-19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Adults Aged 40 Years and Older in Southeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study During 2019–2020

A call to ban the sale of tobacco products

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