Prevalencia de dermatofitosis en Chimborazo, Ecuador, 2022

Abstract

Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses that affect the general population, due to their low lethality they can be underestimated as part of neglected diseases. As an objective, it was proposed to determine the prevalence of dermatophytosis in Chimborazo, Ecuador, during the period January 2021 to July 2022. The study was quantitative-descriptive, cross-sectional, whose sample consisted of 279 patients with suggestive lesions. As a data collection instrument, a sociodemographic survey was applied and samples of the lesions were taken from each patient, grouped into 7 topographies, it was carried out directly with 40% KOH and cultures in Sabouraud honey agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and potato agar for identification. differentiation and diagnosis of the pathogen. Data were stored in Microsoft Excel® and analyzed using the Epidat 3.0 statistical package. As a result, a general prevalence of 72.04% (201/279) was found, of which 46.59% (130/279) corresponded to the male sex between 20 and 29 years of age (14.70%), where 33.33% (93/279) were identified with dermatophytes, 17.56% (49/279) with Malassezia spp., 16.49% (46/279) with Candida spp., 3.23% (9/279) with non-dermatophyte Mold, 1.08% (3/279) with Dermatophytes and Candida spp. and 0.36% (1/279) with No dermatophytes and Candida spp. respectively, whose most affected areas were the nails and smooth skin and the most noticeable risk factor was living with animals. In conclusion, it is essential to continue with prevalence studies in locations in Ecuador, so that actions can be taken at the public health level.