Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

Abdelaal, Abdelaziz; Reda, Abdullah; Lashin, Basant Ismail; Katamesh, Basant E.; Brakat, Aml M.; AL-Manaseer, Balqees Mahmoud; Kaur, Sayanika; Asija, Ankush; Patel, Nimesh; Basnyat, Soney; Rabaan, Ali A.; Alhumaid, Saad; Albayat, Hawra; Aljeldah, Mohammed; Shammari, Basim R. Al; Al-Najjar, Amal Hassan; Al-Jassem, Ahmed K.; AlShurbaji, Sultan T.; Alshahrani, Fatimah; Alynbiawi, Ahlam; Alfaraj, Zainab H.; Alfaraj, Duaa H.; Aldawood, Ahmed H; Sedhai, Yub Raj; Mumbo, Victoria; Rodríguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Sah, Ranjit

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091419

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, the development of an effective and safe new generation human monkeypox vaccine is extremely necessary due to the serious complications that may result from vaccination of ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS. [28,29] Establishing rapid diagnostic testing and laboratory response networks for surveillance and rapid detection of new cases is an important part of controlling monkeypox outbreaks. [30] It is essential to investigate the source of this outbreak, to study all possible modes of transmission and to limit further spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding clinical research on monkeypox: A bibliometric analysis of global research

Zhang

Yuan

Tan

et al. 2022

Community Acquir Infect

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A large number of papers have been published since the discovery of the monkeypox virus (MPXV). In 2022, human MPXV broke out in the USA and many European countries, and on July 23 of that year, the World Health Organization declared the MPXV outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern." In this study, we performed bibliometric analysis of MPXV literature published in core journals of the Web of Science core Collection database, which was conducted on 956 articles from 2000 to 2022. We analyzed the publication country, subject category, main authors and institutions, research hotspots of important publications and research frontiers. Through the analysis of keywords co-occurrence, multi-cited literature and co-cited literature, the research hotspots and trends were summarized. This report revealed that MPXV research has focused on hot areas such as infection and vaccination. Since the 2022 human MPXV outbreak, researchers have increasingly focused on infection control, vaccines, and treatment of monkeypox. This article summarizes the research directions and hotspots of MPXV related literature since the 2000, and we hope to provide support and clear research ideas for the future research and prevention of MPXV in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding clinical research on monkeypox: A bibliometric analysis of global research

Zhang

Yuan

Tan

et al. 2022

Community Acquir Infect

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“…The vaccine is marketed under the name JYNNEOOS [ 35 , 36 ]. Moreover, clinical studies for the VAC6 vaccine, a vaccination of the fourth generation, are now underway [ 37 ]. All these vaccines are made from vaccinia virus since it provides cross-protection to the orthopox viruses.…”

Section: Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monkeypox: epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, immunology, diagnosis and therapeutics

et al. 2023

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“Zoonoses” describe diseases that may be acquired by humans from animals. Due to the constant contact between humans and other animals, many infectious diseases are disseminated. This may happen via direct contact, such as bites or scratches, or by indirect contact, such as when eating bush meat or using contaminated animal parts. Monkeypox disease is one such zoonotic infection which is now emerging as a disease of global concern, and the World Health Organization has already labelled it a public health emergency. The virus is related to other orthopox viruses and may be further classified into two genetically separate clades, the West African and the Central African. The latter is far more pathogenic than the former. Utilizing virotransducer and virostealth proteins, the virus is able to control the host’s T-cell-mediated responses and impede the release of cytokines and chemokines.Monkeypox may be treated with tecovirimat, cidofovir, or brincidofovir, and prevention with the vaccination JYNNEOS is recommended. The disease’s fast global expansion warrants concern despite the fact that it is less fatal than that caused by the variola virus. Before the sickness reaches catastrophic proportions, we must draw on our prior experiences and act prudently. This article serves as an introduction to the monkeypox virus and its associated pathology, treatments, diagnostics, and preventative measures.

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“…Nevertheless, in immunocompromised patients, infants, pregnant or breastfeeding women, and individuals with a weak immune system, there is a residual risk of a severe or even fatal infection, and the vaccine is contraindicated. Moreover, an increased risk of adverse effects may occur in individuals presenting cardiac disease (risk for myopericardititis) or dermatologic conditions (risk for skin infection, erythema, and eczema) [ 52 , 53 ]. JYNNEOS™, based on a non-replicating virus, presents a better safety profile and less severe adverse effects [ 52 ].…”

Section: Diagnostic Tools Treatment and Preventative Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomedicine as a Potential Tool against Monkeypox

et al. 2023

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Human monkeypox is a rare viral zoonosis that was first identified in 1970; since then, this infectious disease has been marked as endemic in central and western Africa. The disease has always been considered rare and self-limiting; however, recent worldwide reports of several cases suggest otherwise. Especially with monkeypox being recognized as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans in the smallpox post-eradication era, its spread across the globe marks a new epidemic. Currently, there is no proven treatment for human monkeypox, and questions about the necessity of developing a vaccine persist. Notably, if we are to take lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, developing a nanomedicine-based preventative strategy might be prudent, particularly with the rapid growth of the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medical research. Unfortunately, the collected data in this area is limited, dispersed, and often incomplete. Therefore, this review aims to trace all reported nanomedicine approaches made in the monkeypox area and to suggest possible directions that could be further investigated to develop a counteractive strategy against emerging and existing viruses that could diminish this epidemic and prevent it from becoming a potential pandemic, especially with the world still recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Preventing the Next Pandemic: Is Live Vaccine Efficacious against Monkeypox, or Is There a Need for Killed Virus and mRNA Vaccines?

Cited by 59 publications

References 54 publications

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding clinical research on monkeypox: A bibliometric analysis of global research

Mapping trends and hotspots regarding clinical research on monkeypox: A bibliometric analysis of global research

Human monkeypox: epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, immunology, diagnosis and therapeutics

Nanomedicine as a Potential Tool against Monkeypox

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