Prevention and Early Detection for NSCLC: Advances in Thoracic Oncology 2018

Abstract

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tobacco consumption remains the most important risk factor. Although the prevalence of smoking has decreased overall, it continues to be a significant burden for global health. It is estimated that there are still nearly 1 billion cigarette smokers worldwide. Prevention strategies have largely focused on tobacco control and prevention. However, we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of e-cigarettes and other vaping products. Primary chemoprevention has historically not been a successful strategy for lung cancer; however, focused approaches in specific groups of patients at high risk for development of lung cancer are underway. The majority of cases with NSCLC are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease, where the overall prognosis remains very poor. Early-stage NSCLC on the other hand has a much better prognosis and can usually be treated radically with either surgical resection or radical radiotherapy, with relatively favorable long-term outcomes. In addition to image-based screening, other methods such as breath-based and biofluidbased approaches are now being investigated for early detection of NSCLC. This review will focus on recent advancements in the field of prevention, screening, and early detection of NSCLC.

CircRNA CDR1as knockdown inhibits progression of non‐small‐cell lung cancer by regulating miR‐219a‐5p/SOX5 axis

“…A total of 85% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed as non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . In the past decades, significant advances have been achieved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC . However, the five‐year survival rate of patients remains low.…”

“…2 In the past decades, significant advances have been achieved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. 3,4 However, the five-year survival rate of patients remains low. Hence, determining new targets will be significant for the treatment of NSCLC.…”

Quercetin radiosensitizes non‐small cell lung cancer cells through the regulation of miR‐16‐5p/WEE1 axis

“…NSCLC cells were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of 1,000 cells per well and cultured for 4 hr for initial attachment. Subsequently, the cells were treated with 50 μm of quercetin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 24 hr, followed by irradiation at specified doses (2,4,6,or 8 Gy) given at 2 Gy/min (RS-2000 Biological irradiator, Rad Source Technologies). Then, the cells were cultured for 2 weeks at 37 C in 5% CO 2 before the medium was discarded and the cells were washed twice with PBS.…”

“…Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments used in the management of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) . During radiotherapy, ionizing radiation rays destroy the DNA of tumor cells, thereby suppressing their proliferation and inducing their apoptosis .…”

“…Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments used in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 1,2 During radiotherapy, ionizing radiation rays destroy the DNA of tumor cells, thereby suppressing their proliferation and inducing their apoptosis. 3 Abbreviations: 3'-UTR, 3'-untranslated region; DMEM, Dulbecco modified Eagles' medium; FBS, fetal bovine serum; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; miR-NC, miRNA negative control; miRNAs/miRs, microRNAs; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer cells; PI, propidium iodide; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; WEE1, WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase.…”