Prevention by chloroquine of hexosamine cartilage depletion by e‐prostaglandins

Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases

“…Lysosomal stabilisation by CQ and other anti-malarials Therapy and pharmacological properties of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine could conceivably be a major site of action of these drugs in controlling degradation of connective tissues in arthritic conditions (Whitehouse and Cowley 1966). Several studies have shown that CQ inhibits degradation of proteoglycans in vitro and has direct effects on elastase and other enzymes released from macrophages (Whitehouse and Boström 1965;Cowey and Whitehouse 1966;Fulkerson et al 1979;Famaey and Fontaine 1980;Ackerman et al 1981;Tauber et al 1985;Bartholomew and Lowther 1987;Adeyemi et al 1990;Kamal and Bassiouni 1992;Schug and Kalbhen 1995;Lullmann-Rauch et al 1996). The central role of the destruction of cartilage (and bone) by pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNFa) in arthritic conditions has been well recognised for several decades (Etherington et al 1981;Cox and Duff 1996).…”