Prevention of Ultraviolet Damage to the Dermis of Hairless Mice by Sunscreens

Kligman, Lorraine H.; Akin, Frank J.; Kligman, Albert M.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12506359

Cited by 217 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As in the Fourtanier et al study (1986), changes were less severe than those reported by Kligman et al (1982Kligman et al ( , 1985. In this case, since the mice were of the same strain, the differences were probably dose related.…”

Section: Histologic Studiessupporting

confidence: 56%

“…The first use of the hairless mouse to examine the multiple histologic aspects of photoaging was by Kligman et al (1982). In a study that included an assessment of the protective effects of low and high sun protection factor (SPF) sunscreens, both the Skh-1 and Skh-2 were irradiated mainly with UV-B (Westinghouse FS tubes; peak 313 nm).…”

Section: Histologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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THE HAIRLESS MOUSE and PHOTOAGING

Kligman

1991

Photochem & Photobiology

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Section: Histologic Studiessupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Histologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE HAIRLESS MOUSE and PHOTOAGING

Kligman

1991

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…In the in vitro reconstructed skin model, the disappearance of fibroblasts in the superficial dermis after UVA exposure could be correlated with the first zone that is progressively recolonized. To support this idea, in the in vivo subepidermal repair zone, a new connective tissue is formed when UV exposure stops, corresponding to de novo synthesis of collagen, elastin and fibronectin (Kligman et al, 1982(Kligman et al, , 1984Schwartz and Kligman, 1995). This phenomenon has been compared to a wound healing process.…”

Section: Interstitial Collagenase Is a Uva Dermal Makermentioning

confidence: 99%

UVA exposure of human skin reconstructed in vitro induces apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts: subsequent connective tissue repair and implications in photoaging

1998

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The skin reconstructed in vitro has been previously shown to be a useful model to investigate the effects of UVB exposure (Bernerd and Asselineau, 1997). The present study describes the response to UVA irradiation. Major alterations were observed within the dermal compartment. Apoptosis of fibroblasts located in the superficial area of the dermal equivalent was observed as soon as 6 h after irradiation, leading to their disappearance after 48 h. This effect was obtained without major alterations of epidermal keratinocytes suggesting a differential cell type sensitivity to UVA radiations. In addition, collagenase I was secreted by dermal fibroblasts. The UVA dermal effects could be observed even after removal of the epidermis during the post irradiation period, demonstrating that they were independent of the keratinocyte response. The analysis of the tissue regeneration during the following 2 weeks revealed a connective tissue repair via fibroblasts proliferation, migration and active synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin and procollagen I. This cellular recolonization of the superficial part of the dermal equivalent was due to activation of surviving fibroblasts located deeply in the dermal equivalent. The direct damage in the dermis and the subsequent connective tissue repair may contribute to the formation of UVA-induced dermal alterations.

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“…5,[9][10][11] There have been many reports that the application of sunscreens before UV exposure inhibits the photoaging of skin in animal models and in humans. 8,[12][13][14][15][16] Based on those findings, application of a sunscreen before UV exposure might be expected to inhibit an increase in skin elastase activity even when UVA is continuously irradiated. It is therefore important and interesting to investigate the effects of chronic UVA irradiation on elastase activity in skin protected with sunscreens before irradiation in an animal model.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Sunscreen on Skin Elastase Activity Induced by Ultraviolet-A Irradiation

Tsukahara

Moriwaki

Hotta

et al. 2005

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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To elucidate the mechanism underlying skin wrinkle formation, one feature of photoaging, we recently performed a study in which rat hind limb (plantar) skin was short-term chronically irradiated with ultraviolet-B (UVB) at 1 MED or lower. That study showed that elastase activity was increased in the rat hind limb skin 1) and changed the 3-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers, which bent the fibers responsible for skin elasticity 2,3) and thus decreased skin elasticity, forming wrinkles. 1,4,5) We also reported that this series of events could be inhibited by application of an elastase activity-inhibiting agent after UVB irradiation. 1,6,7) Inhibition of the UVB-induced increase in skin elastase activity prevented by the agent maintained the linearity of dermal elastic fibers and inhibited the decrease in skin elasticity, resulting in the inhibition of wrinkle formation. 1,6,7) This finding suggested that application of an elastase inhibitor immediately after UVB exposure would inhibit photoaging of the skin, mainly wrinkles.It has been shown that chronic UVB irradiation of the dorsal skin forms wrinkles in hairless mice 8,9) and that chronic ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation forms mainly sags. 8,9) In animal models, chronic UVA irradiation increased skin elastase activity and destroyed the 3-dimensional structure of dermal elastic fibers, decreasing skin elasticity, similarly to UVB irradiation.5,9-11) There have been many reports that the application of sunscreens before UV exposure inhibits the photoaging of skin in animal models and in humans. 8,[12][13][14][15][16] Based on those findings, application of a sunscreen before UV exposure might be expected to inhibit an increase in skin elastase activity even when UVA is continuously irradiated. It is therefore important and interesting to investigate the effects of chronic UVA irradiation on elastase activity in skin protected with sunscreens before irradiation in an animal model.The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the photoprotection from UVA by topically applied sunscreens on skin elastase activity and on skin properties. MATERIALS AND METHODSAnimals Forty female HR/ICR hairless mice were used. This strain was derived by crossing 6 week old hairless mice (HR/HR) originally obtained from Nisseiken Corp (Tokyo, Japan) with the albino strain HaM/ICR. The HR/ICR strain represents a line maintained under clean conventional conditions in our laboratory by hairless brother/haired sister mating for several years. All experiments were performed with hairless female mice only, which had free access to food and water. They were housed in rooms where the lighting (without UVB emission) was automatically regulated on a 12 h light and dark cycle. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee for Animal Experimentation of Kao Corp.UVA Irradiation UVA irradiation was carried out as described previously.9,10) Briefly, mice were irradiated using a bank of 12 Toshiba BL lamps with a glass filter (0.5 cm thick) for UVA (peak of...

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Prevention of Ultraviolet Damage to the Dermis of Hairless Mice by Sunscreens

Cited by 217 publications

References 18 publications

THE HAIRLESS MOUSE and PHOTOAGING

THE HAIRLESS MOUSE and PHOTOAGING

UVA exposure of human skin reconstructed in vitro induces apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts: subsequent connective tissue repair and implications in photoaging

The Effect of Sunscreen on Skin Elastase Activity Induced by Ultraviolet-A Irradiation

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