Preventive Dentistry in Children with Special Needs: Narrative Review

Abstract

Children with special healthcare needs face a high prevalence of dental and oral health problems due to unique challenges in maintaining oral hygiene. Preventive dentistry, which encompasses practices and strategies aimed at maintaining optimal oral health and preventing dental caries, periodontal disease, and other oral conditions, is therefore of utmost importance for this vulnerable group. This narrative review compiles the dental health concerns commonly encountered in these children and outlines preventive strategies to address them. Common dental issues encountered in this population include dental caries, gingival inflammation, tooth erosion, and attrition. Factors contributing to these problems range from motor impairments limiting brushing ability, food preferences, bruxism, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and side effects of certain medications. Effective preventive measures involve early dental visits, appropriate oral hygiene routines, judicious use of fluoride toothpaste and supplements, dietary modifications, and cessation of nighttime bottle-feeding. Specific recommendations are provided for caregivers, such as selecting the right toothbrush, maintaining proper brushing techniques, and monitoring fluoride intake based on age and risk factors. Interdisciplinary collaboration between pediatricians, dentists, and other healthcare professionals is crucial in identifying potential dental issues and providing tailored preventive care for children with special needs.