Preventive Measures against Ebola and COVID-19 and Their Impact on Human Dirty-Hand Disease Mitigation in Côte d’Ivoire

Traoré, Sylvain G.; Fokou, Gilbert; Wognin, Affou Seraphin; Heitz-Tokpa, Kathrin; Tétchi, Sopi Mathilde; Amidou, Ouattara; Seko, Malik Orou; Akoua‐Koffi, Chantal; Tiembré, I.; Bonfoh, Bassirou

doi:10.3390/su15086810

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Côte d’Ivoire, hand hygiene was widely recommended by the government as one of the main preventive measures against COVID-19 and Ebola. While most of the population acknowledged the benefit of regular handwashing to prevent disease transmission, many people did not comply with the recommendations [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of handwashing impact on detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli on hands in rural and urban settings of Côte d’Ivoire during COVID-19 pandemic

Traoré,

Fokou,

Wognin

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Handwashing is the first line of hygiene measures and one of the oldest methods of preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Despite its efficacy in the health system, handwashing is often inadequately practiced by populations. This study aimed to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on hands as indicators of lack of hand hygiene during COVID 19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Taabo and urban Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) from January to September 2021. A total of 384 participants from 384 households were included in the study. The total households were distributed proportionally within various municipalities in the two study areas according to the number of households in each municipality, based on data of the National Institute of Statistics from the 2014 general population census. Hand swabbing of the 384 participants within households (320 in Abidjan and 64 in Taabo) was performed for the enumeration of E. coli and S aureus, using laboratory standard method and for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. A binary logistic regression model was built with the outcome variable presence of Staphylococcus spp. on hands of respondents that was categorized into binary variables, Staphylococcus spp. (1 = presence, 0 = absence) for the Risk Ratio estimation. Place of living, sex, handwashing, education and age group were used to adjust the model to observe the effects of these explanatory variables. Results No presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus was detected on the hands of respondents in both sites. However, in urban Abidjan, only Staphylococcus spp. (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) was found on the hands of 233 (72.8%, 95%CI: 67.7–77.4) respondents with the average load of 0.56 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.52–0.60). Meanwhile, in rural Taabo, Staphylococcus spp. (Coagulase Negative Staphylococci) and E. coli were found on the hands of 40 (62.5%, 95%CI: 50.3–73.3) and 7 (10.9%, 95%CI: 5.4–20.9) respondents with the respective average load of 0.49 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.39–0.59) and 0.08 CFU/ Cm2 (95% CI, 0.03–0.18). Participants living in rural Taabo were less likely to have Staphylococcus spp. on their hands (RR = 0.811; 95%IC: 0.661–0.995) compared to those living in urban Abidjan. Conclusions No SARS-CoV-2 was detected on the hands of participants in both sites, suggesting that our study did not show direct transmission through hands. No E. coli was found in urban Abidjan while E. coli was found on the hands of participants in rural Taabo indicating poor hand washing and disinfection practices in rural Taabo. Living in urban Abidjan is statistically associated to having Staphylococcus spp. on hands. Further studies are necessary especially to understand to what extent the presence of Staphylococcus spp. on hands indicates a higher infection or fecal colonization rates in the case of E. coli.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of handwashing impact on detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli on hands in rural and urban settings of Côte d’Ivoire during COVID-19 pandemic

Traoré,

Fokou,

Wognin

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…Improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are crucial for public health (Cumming et al, 2019;Meadors et al, n.d.;Rahut et al, 2022;Shrestha et al, 2022;Traoré et al, 2023). Access to adequate WASH services, including clean drinking water, sanitation facilities, and handwashing with soap, is essential for preventing infectious diseases such as diarrhea, respiratory illnesses, and typhoid fever.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Components on Under-5 Children's Mortality in Ethiopia: A Comparative Analysis of Count Regression Models

Chafamo,

Muniswamy,

Punyavathi

2024

Preprint

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Objectives To investigates the effect of WASH components on under 5 children mortality and Compare the performance of count advanced count regression models. Design In this study, data on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Components on Under-5 Children's Mortality in Ethiopia participating in the Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey conducted at 2019. The cross-sectional study design was used to study the Demographic and Health data from 11 different regions of Ethiopia. R programming has been used to analyse descriptive and inferential statistics. The baseline Poisson regression model exhibited overdispersion, leading to the exploration of various count regression models. The Negative Binomial regression model emerged as the best fit for the data, displaying low Akaike Information Criterion (AI) values. Setting Women of reproductive Age 15-49 with Under-Five children were interviewed. Participants A total of 5753 women of reproductive Age 15-49 with Under-Five children were interviewed. Primary Outcome Measure The number of under-5 children death, that is count variable. Results The study reveals Significant factors influencing under 5 children's mortality were identified, including rural residence, inadequate toilet facilities, reliance on unsafe water sources, household access to radios, and household composition. Conclusion Children living in rural areas faced a significantly higher risk of mortality compared to urban counterparts. Furthermore, households lacking proper sanitation facilities or using unsafe water sources exhibited elevated mortality rates among under-5-year-olds. Conversely, households with radios showed a lower risk of under-5-year-old child deaths. The number of children in a household under the age of five and female-headed households were associated with lower mortality rates.

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Preventive Measures against Ebola and COVID-19 and Their Impact on Human Dirty-Hand Disease Mitigation in Côte d’Ivoire

Cited by 2 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of handwashing impact on detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli on hands in rural and urban settings of Côte d’Ivoire during COVID-19 pandemic

Assessment of handwashing impact on detection of SARS-CoV-2, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli on hands in rural and urban settings of Côte d’Ivoire during COVID-19 pandemic

Impact of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Components on Under-5 Children's Mortality in Ethiopia: A Comparative Analysis of Count Regression Models

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