Prey Selection and Hunting Behavior of the African Wild Dog

Estes, Richard; Goddard, John

doi:10.2307/3798360

Cited by 322 publications

(191 citation statements)

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“…1) because of legal and illegal hunting, human encroachment and human activities in general Nyahongo & Røskaft, 2011). Normally, the densities and behaviour of wild dogs are negatively affected by the presence of other carnivore species in the Serengeti National Park (Estes & Goddard, 1967). Lions may directly cause pup mortality in wild dogs (Creel & Creel, 1996), and spotted hyaenas follow wild dogs hunting and steal their kills (Estes & Goddard, 1967;Creel & Creel, 1996;Carbone et al, 1997Carbone et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Incidences Of Attack By Wild Dogs and Other Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dogLycaon pictus

Lyamuya

Masenga

Fyumagwa

2014

Oryx

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During 2007-2009 we conducted a survey of attacks by wild carnivores on the livestock of the Maasai and Sonjo tribes in the eastern Serengeti ecosystem of northern Tanzania. Local enumerators systematically recorded incidents of carnivore predation on livestock and their data were quantified by us, with the aid of District Game Officers or trusted local people. The annual rate of attack by African wild dogs Lycaon pictus was significantly higher (1.42 animals per 1,000 livestock) in the Sonjo tribal area than in the Maasai tribal area (0.72 animals per 1,000 livestock). In the Maasai tribal area there was a significant amount of predation by leopards Panthera pardus and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta. In both tribal areas sheep Ovis aries and goats Capra aegagrus hircus were subject to predation more frequently than cattle. Attacks on livestock by wild dogs occurred most frequently in the afternoon and evening, whereas other carnivores generally attacked livestock at night. Sheep and goats were most frequently attacked by most carnivores during the long rainy season. Cattle Bos primigenius were most frequently attacked by wild dogs and leopards during the long dry season and by lions Panthera leo during the long rainy season, whereas spotted hyaenas killed cattle most frequently during the short rainy season.

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Section: Incidences Of Attack By Wild Dogs and Other Carnivoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dogLycaon pictus

Lyamuya

Masenga

Fyumagwa

2014

Oryx

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“…Wolves, and coyotes to a lesser extent, are coursers eliciting flight followed by herd sorting (Estes and Goddard 1967), which generally leads to capture of prey in poorer condition (Mech 1970, Kruuk 1972, Mech et al 1998, Mech and Peterson 2003). In contrast, bears search in grid-like patterns during May and June for hiding neonates (Gunther and Renkin 1990), which are highly vulnerable once detected (although whether or not neonates are detected partially depends on their behavior that may be determined in part by their condition).…”

Section: Compensatory and Additive Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Elk Calf Survival and Mortality Following Wolf Restoration to Yellowstone National Park

Barber‐Meyer

Mech

White

2008

Wildlife Monographs

186

301

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We conducted a 3-year study (May 2003-Apr 2006 of mortality of northern Yellowstone elk (Cervus elaphus) calves to determine the cause for the recruitment decline (i.e., 33 calves to 13 calves/100 adult F) following the restoration of wolves (Canis lupus). We captured, fit with radiotransmitters, and evaluated blood characteristics and disease antibody seroprevalence in 151 calves 6 days old (68M:83F). Concentrations (x, SE) of potential condition indicators were as follows: thyroxine (T4; 13.8 lg/dL, 0.43), serum urea nitrogen (SUN; 17.4 mg/dL, 0.57), c-glutamyltransferase (GGT; 66.4 IU/L, 4.36), gamma globulins (GG; 1.5 g/dL, 0.07), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; 253.6 ng/mL, 9.59). Seroprevalences were as follows: brucellosis (Brucella abortus; 3%), bovine-respiratory syncytial virus (3%), bovine-viral-diarrhea virus type 1 (25%), infectious-bovine rhinotracheitis (58%), and bovine parainfluenza-3 (32%). Serum urea nitrogen, GGT, GG, and IGF-1 varied with year; T4, SUN, and GG varied with age (P 0.01); and SUN varied by capture area (P ¼ 0.02). Annual survival was 0.22 (SE¼0.035, n¼149) and varied by calving area but not year. Neonates captured in the Stephens Creek/Mammoth area of Yellowstone National Park, USA, had annual survival rates .33 higher (0.54) than those captured in the Lamar Valley area (0.17), likely due to the higher predator density in Lamar Valley. Summer survival (20 weeks after radiotagging) was 0.29 (SE ¼ 0.05, n ¼ 116), and calving area, absolute deviation from median birth date, and GG were important predictors of summer survival. Survival during winter (Nov-Apr) was 0.90 (SE ¼ 0.05, n ¼ 42), and it did not vary by calving area or year. Sixty-nine percent (n ¼ 104) of calves died within the first year of life, 24% (n ¼ 36) survived their first year, and 7% (n ¼ 11) had unknown fates. Grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (Ursus americanus) accounted for 58-60% (n ¼ 60-62) of deaths, and wolves accounted for 14-17% (n ¼ 15-18). Summer predation (95% of summer deaths) increased, and winter malnutrition (0% of winter deaths) decreased, compared with a similar study during 1987-1990 (72% and 58%, respectively). Physiological factors (e.g., low levels of GG) may predispose calves to predation. Also, the increase in bear numbers since wolf restoration and spatial components finer than the northern range should be considered when trying to determine the causes of the northern Yellowstone elk decline. This is the first study to document the predation impacts from reintroduced wolves on elk calf mortality in an ecosystem already containing established populations of 4 other major predators (i. para determinar las causas del descenso del reclutamiento (de 33 a 13 crías /100 hembras adultas) tras la restauración del lobo (Canis lupus). Hemos capturado, marcado con radiotransmisores y evaluado las características de la sangre y la seroprevalencia de los anticuerpos a enfermedades de 151 crías 6 días (68M:83H). Las concentraciones (x, SE) de los indicadores del estado pote...

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“…Cooperative hunting has often been observed in social carnivores (lions : Cooper 1991;Packer et al 1990, Schaller 1972, Stander 1992, Van Orsdol 1984wild dogs: Creel and Creel 1995, Estes and Goddard 1967, Fanshawe and Fitzgibbon 1993hyenas: Kruuk 1972, Mills 1990wolves: Mech 1970). Individual food intake across hunt group sizes in some carnivore populations tended toward a U-shaped distribution, with one maximum for single hunters and sometimes a second maximum for the largest groups (Caro 1994;Packer et al 1990).…”

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Cooperative hunting roles among taï chimpanzees

Boesch

2002

Hum Nat

267

162

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All known chimpanzee populations have been observed to hunt small mammals for meat. Detailed observations have shown, however, that hunting strategies differ considerably between populations, with some merely collecting prey that happens to pass by while others hunt in coordinated groups to chase fast-moving prey. Of all known populations, Taï chimpanzees exhibit the highest level of cooperation when hunting. Some of the group hunting roles require elaborate coordination with other hunters as well as precise anticipation of the movements of the prey. The meat-sharing rules observed in this community guarantee the largest share of the meat to hunters who perform the most important roles leading to a capture. The learning time of such hunting roles is sometimes especially long. Taï chimpanzee males begin hunting monkeys at about age 10. The hunters' progress in learning the more sophisticated hunting roles is clearly correlated with age; only after 20 years of practice are they able to perform them reliably. This lengthy learning period has also been shown in some hunter-gatherer societies and confirms the special challenge that hunting represents.

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Prey Selection and Hunting Behavior of the African Wild Dog

Cited by 322 publications

References 3 publications

Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dogLycaon pictus

Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dogLycaon pictus

Elk Calf Survival and Mortality Following Wolf Restoration to Yellowstone National Park

Cooperative hunting roles among taï chimpanzees

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