Price variation in different brands of anticancer drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market: a cost analysis study

Adwal, Sandeep Kumar; Baghel, Ruchi

doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191010

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our findings discovered that prices of various biologic drugs manufactured by different brands in India show a wide variation in the minimum and maximum prices. In our study, however, rituximab 100 mg showed a cost variation of 201.94%, but the study by Adwal SK et al (2018) [ 15 ] showed a cost variation of 40%. This was likely due to the changes in the prices set by the manufacturers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…(2018) [15] showed a cost variation of 40%. This was likely due to the changes in the prices set by the manufacturers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of medicines not only has a significant impact on the treatment compliance of an illness, but it also plays an important role in rational drug use [9]. Currently, there are few studies on the analysis of cost variation of different brands of biological drugs in India that are published in the literature [14,15]. Hence, this study has been undertaken to analyze the cost differences of various brands of biological drugs so that less costly but similarly effective brands can be prescribed whenever possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pharmacoeconomic Outlook of the Biological Drugs Marketed in India: A Cost Variance Analysis

Shinde¹,

Patil²,

Bhandari³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Biologic drugs are used to treat various illnesses like autoimmune diseases, cancers, hormonal irregularities, anemia, etc., and to prevent various diseases as vaccines. Though various biologic drugs are already available, they are still not within reach of the common man due to financial constraints. Through many search engines, studies evaluating the cost variation of different brands of biologics were investigated; however, only a few studies that address this problem were found. Hence, this study was planned with the objective of addressing the cost variation of various brands of biologic medicines available in the Indian market. MethodsThe website for the Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS) for India's location was used to obtain the prices of the different brands of biologic medicines in Indian National Rupee (INR) currency, which different manufacturers market with identical forms in strength and dosage. The percentage cost variation and cost ratio were calculated with the help of the minimum and maximum prices of various brands of biologic drugs. ResultsThe prices of biologics belonging to six different classes that are available in 23 formulations were analyzed. The highest cost variability was shown by pegfilgrastim 6 mg at 1,022.92%, and the minimum-cost variation was shown by darbepoetin alfa 200 mcg at 13.07%. ConclusionOur research found a vast variance in the costs of various brands of biologic medicines in India. The government should address this cost variation problem by developing various policies, such as breaking the monopoly of manufacturers, providing tax incentives to nonprofit generic medicine manufacturers, and incorporating more biologic drugs under the protection of the Drugs Prices Control Order (DPCO).

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

“…(2018) [15] showed a cost variation of 40%. This was likely due to the changes in the prices set by the manufacturers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pharmacoeconomic Outlook of the Biological Drugs Marketed in India: A Cost Variance Analysis

Shinde¹,

Patil²,

Bhandari³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…Likewise, Adwal and Baghel's study reported high-cost variation with alkylating agent carboplatin 150 mg injection i.e. 1100% and lowest with antimetabolite anticancer agent cytarabine 500 mg injection 6.56% [27]. Another study by Tadesse and Fang from Ethiopia shows that the lowest price generic anticancer medicines were sold 1.29 and 2.62 times the international reference price in the public and private sectors [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Price variation among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies of Nepal

Shrestha

Poudel

et al. 2020

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Objective: To assess the variation in price among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies at Nepalese cancer hospitals. Methods: The price of different brands of the same anticancer medicines available in the hospital pharmacies of two cancer hospitals was assessed. Prices of different dosage forms such as a single tablet, capsule and vial were calculated. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical industries was determined, and the percentage variation in price was calculated. The prices of medicines (brands) were also compared with the price determined by the government where available. Results: Price variation was assessed for 31 anticancer medicines belonging to six broad categories. Prices were found to vary maximally among the following medicines, each belonging to separate categories: among alkylating agents, the price of temozolomide 100 mg capsule varied 308%; among antimetabolite agents, the price of pemetrexed 500 mg injection varied 134%; among hormonal drugs, the price of letrozole 2.5 mg tablet varied 200%; among antibody class, the price of trastuzumab 440 mg injection varied 73%; among natural products, the price of irinotecan 100 mg injection varied 590%; and among miscellaneous agents, the price of bortezomib 2 mg injection varied 241%. There was a significant difference in the mean MRP of the alkylating agents with the antimetabolites (p-value 0.006) and the monoclonal antibody (p-value <.001). Antimetabolites, natural products, hormonal therapy all had significant mean differences in their MRPs with the monoclonal antibodies. (p-value <.001) and the monoclonal antibodies had a significant mean difference in the MRP with the miscellaneous agents. (p-value <.001).

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“… 5 52 However, we are reassured that our country estimate of ALL treatment costs was broadly similar to that calculated by Faruqui et al 27 using a similar but not identical treatment regimen and recognising wide variations in prices of different brands of the same anticancer drug in the same dose and dosage form manufactured in India. 37 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shortages and price variability of essential cytotoxic medicines for treating children with cancers

et al. 2020

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IntroductionLow-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face the largest burden of mortality from childhood cancers with limited access to curative therapies. Few comparative analyses across all income groups and world regions have examined the availability and acquisition costs of essential medicines for treating cancers in children.MethodsA cross-sectional survey involved countries in five income groups—low-income (LIC), lower-middle-income (LMC), upper-middle-income (UMC), two high-income country groups (HIC1, HIC2). Physicians and pharmacists reported institutional use, availability, stock outs and prices (brand and generic products) of 34 essential medicines. Price comparisons used US$, applying foreign exchange rates (XR) and purchasing power parity (PPP) adjustments. Medicine costs for treating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and Wilms tumour (WT) were calculated (child 29 kg, body surface area 1 m2). Comparisons were conducted using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests.ResultsFifty-eight respondents (50 countries) provided information on medicine use, availability and stock outs, with usable price data from 42 facilities (37 countries). The extent of use of International Society of Paediatric Oncology core and ancillary medicines varied across income groups (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002 respectively). LMC and LIC facilities used fewer medicines than UMC and HIC facilities. UMC and LMC facilities were more likely to report medicines not available or stockouts.Medicine prices varied widely within and between income bands; generic products were not always cheaper than brand equivalents. PPP adjustment showed relatively higher prices in UMC and LMC facilities for some medicines. Medicine costs were highest in HICs for ALL (p=0.0075 XR; p=0.0178 PPP-adjusted analyses) and WT (p =<0.0001 XR; p=0.0007 PPP-adjusted). Medicine costs for BL were not significantly different.ConclusionProblems with the availability of essential medicines, dependable supply chains, confidential medicine prices and wide variability in treatment costs contribute to persistent challenges in the care of children with treatable cancers, especially in LMICs.

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Price variation in different brands of anticancer drugs available in Indian pharmaceutical market: a cost analysis study

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

A Pharmacoeconomic Outlook of the Biological Drugs Marketed in India: A Cost Variance Analysis

A Pharmacoeconomic Outlook of the Biological Drugs Marketed in India: A Cost Variance Analysis

Price variation among different brands of anticancer medicines available in hospital pharmacies of Nepal

Shortages and price variability of essential cytotoxic medicines for treating children with cancers

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