“…Research also examines the causes and remedies of bond defaults, attributing defaults to economic conditions (Virtue, 1949), financial management (Morrison, 2002), financial reporting (Cohen, 1989), and financial planning (ACIR, 1985). Remedies are limited, as bondholders cannot force districts to liquidate their assets (Eisenberg, 1976;Fordham, 1933) or increase taxes (Robbins, 1984). This literature is important, but it does not help predict fiscal distress.…”