“…Two species of lepidopterans stand out as consumers of cladodes and stalks: Olycella nephelepsa Dyar (zebra worm, Pyralidae) and Lanifera cyclades Druce (white worm, Pyralidae, Badii and Flores, 2001;Lummus and Wanberg, 1981;Ueckert, 1998). Another lepidopteran, of South American origin, that affects the vegetative structures of Opuntia (29 known hosts) is Cactoblastis cactorum (Pyralidae), which is considered a threat to cacti populations in Mexico and the United States (Golubov et al, 2001;Pemberton and Cordo, 2001).…”