Primary Bladder Amyloidosis Mimicking Bladder Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction and objectives:We report a rare case of localized primary bladder amyloidosis, and we conducted a literature review. Materials and methods:A 70-year-old man with gross haematuria and storage bladder symptoms was diagnosed with primary bladder amyloidosis with clinical and radiological features of bladder tumor. A comprehensive review of English literature was done. PubMed, NCBI and Science Direct were searched using the following search terms: "primary"; "Bladder"; "Amyloidosis".Results: Primary localized bladder amyloidosis is a rare and benign urological disease with approximately 210 reported cases in the English literature. It is usually of the AL type and commonly presents with gross painless haematuria and storage bladder symptoms, mimicking bladder malignancy. Imaging investigations such as ultrasound scan, CT scan and MRI are not diagnostic, whereas histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. Transurethral resection of the bladder lesion is the treatment of choice; however local recurrence is common (50% of cases). Conclusion:Localised bladder amyloidosis is almost always of AL type and does not progress to systemic amyloidosis. Treatment is not curative and recurrence is common, hence surveillance cystoscopy is required.