Primary CNS germ cell tumors in Japan and the United States: an analysis of 4 tumor registries

McCarthy, Bridget J.; Shibui, Soichiro; Kayama, Takamasa; Miyaoka, Etsuo; Narita, Yoshitaka; Murakami, Michiko; Matsuda, Ayako; Matsuda, Tomohiro; Sobue, Tomotaka; Palis, Bryan E.; Dolecek, Therese A.; Kruchko, Carol; Engelhard, Herbert H.; Villanó, John L.

doi:10.1093/neuonc/nos155

Cited by 143 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, a recent analysis by McCarthy et al [6] showed that there was no statistically significant difference between Japan and the USA in the incidence rate of malignant GCTs. They reported that the rate for malignant GCTs documented by the Japan Cancer Surveillance Research Group (JCSRG: 2004-2006) was 0.096 (males: 0.143, females: 0.046) per 10 5 while the rate documented for the USA by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER: 2004-2008) was 0.075 (males: 0.118, females: 0.030) per 10 5 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the incidence of some types of tumor is different in different ethnic populations. For example, the incidence of GCTs has been reported to be higher in Orientals than Westerners [3,4,5], although a 2012 analysis of 4 tumor registries in Japan and the USA found no statistically significant difference [6]. While most CNS-GCTs are seen in patients aged between 10 and 19 years of age [7], the percentage in children aged between 0 and 14 years ranged from 35.3 to 41.5% in these registries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors in Childhood: A Regional Survey in Kumamoto Prefecture in Southern Japan

Makino

Nakamura²,

Yano³

et al. 2013

Pediatr Neurosurg

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Background/Aims: Central nervous system germ cell tumors (CNS-GCTs) are relatively rare. While their incidence was thought to be higher in East Asia than the USA, recent evidence suggests the difference between Japan and the USA is not statistically significant. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of pediatric primary CNS-GCTs in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan. Methods: We surveyed 6,615 new cases of primary intracranial tumors diagnosed in Kumamoto prefecture between 1989 and 2011. Among these, 251 (3.8%) occurred in patients younger than 15 years. The age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method using 5-year age groupings; the incidence in the total Japanese population in the year 2000 was the standard. Results: During the 23-year period, 70 cases of primary GCT were diagnosed. Of these tumors, 31 (44.3%) arose in patients aged between 0 and 14 years (22 boys, 9 girls). Their tumor location was pineal in 45.2%; the other sites were nonpineal. There were more germinomas (64.5%) than nongerminomas (35.5%) in this group. The age-adjusted annual incidence rate was 0.45 cases (boys: 0.64, girls: 0.28) per 10⁵ children. At 2.29, the ratio of CNS-GCTs was higher in these boys than girls. Our data showed higher rates than data from CBTRUS 2012 (0.18/10⁵), SEER 2008 (0.15/10⁵) and Germany (0.10/10⁵). Conclusions: Our survey showed that the incidence of primary CNS-GCTs in children was higher in Kumamoto prefecture than in the USA and other Western countries, suggesting that racial backgrounds play a role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors in Childhood: A Regional Survey in Kumamoto Prefecture in Southern Japan

Makino

Nakamura²,

Yano³

et al. 2013

Pediatr Neurosurg

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“…The majority of patients (60-70%) are <20 years old, and 53% of patients are between 10 and 19 years old at the point of diagnosis. The disease is rare in patients >35 years old (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting intracranial germ-cell tumor associated with high testosterone in an adult man: A case report

2017

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Abstract.A 38-year-old male patient presented with general weakness, polydipsia and a body weight loss of 10 kg in two years. Hypopituitarism with central hypothyroidism and central adrenal insufficiency were noted at Taipei City Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan). However, hypogonadotropic hypergonadism was also observed. The patient was diagnosed with an intracranial β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) secreting germ-cell tumor, and brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the tumor involved the pineal gland, stalk, posterior pituitary gland, right basal ganglion, hypothalamus, corpus callosum and posterior hippocampus. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) β-hCG level was 1936 IU/l, while the α-fetoprotein (AFP) level was <0.24 ng/ml. The serum AFP level of the patient was 3.28 ng/ml, and the β-hCG level was 178 IU/l with a CSF:serum β-hCG ratio >2:1. The patient was successfully treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as demonstrated by a marked decrease in size of the tumor and in the serum β-hCG levels. Intracranial β-hCG secreting germ-cell tumors are rare in adults and manifest differently compared with patients of early pubertal age. In contrast with the precocious puberty frequently observed in young patients, the diagnosis of adult patients is often delayed and the symptoms are associated with tumor size and location. The present case report described an adult male with an intracranial β-hCG secreting GCT, demonstrating hypopituitarism and asymptomatic hyperandrogenemia, and reviews and discusses the literature relevant to the case. IntroductionPrimary intracranial germ-cell tumors (GCT) are rare tumors. They account for ~0.5-3% of all pediatric primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors in Western regions, but are observed at higher frequencies among pediatric CNS tumors in Asia, accounting for up to 10% (1). The incidence in the Far East area of Japan is 0.1-0.17 per 100,000 per year, according to the Brain Tumor Registry of Japan (2), slightly higher than the incidence rate of 0.1 per 100,000 per year in the United States (3). Primary intracranial GCT typically occurs in children or young adults, with the majority of patients (60-70%) aged under 20 (4). The peak incidence of intracranial germ-cell tumors is in the early pubertal period with a median age of diagnosis at 10-12 years (5). The disease occurs primarily in males, with the ratio of male to female between 2:1 and 3:1 (6). The World Health Organization had classified intracranial germ-cell tumors into three groups as follows: Germinomas, non-germinomatous germ-cell tumors (NGGCTs) and mixed germ-cell tumors (7). The diseases are heterogeneous in terms of histology, tumor characteristics, treatment response and tumor marker secretion. Among NGGCTs, choriocarcinoma secretes β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) into the serum and/or the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with high levels detected, while yolk sac tumors secrete α-fetoprotein (AFP). Elevation of AFP levels, combined with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, is diagnos...

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“…A recent report showed that Japan and the United States share a similar incidence of primary germ cell tumors, exhibiting the same genderbased patterns. [5] Primary IGCTs are usually located either in the suprasellar or pineal regions. [6] According…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in molecular biology and treatment strategies for intracranial germ cell tumors

et al. 2016

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Primary CNS germ cell tumors in Japan and the United States: an analysis of 4 tumor registries

Cited by 143 publications

References 13 publications

Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors in Childhood: A Regional Survey in Kumamoto Prefecture in Southern Japan

Incidence of Primary Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors in Childhood: A Regional Survey in Kumamoto Prefecture in Southern Japan

β-human chorionic gonadotropin-secreting intracranial germ-cell tumor associated with high testosterone in an adult man: A case report

Recent advances in molecular biology and treatment strategies for intracranial germ cell tumors

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