2023
DOI: 10.3390/en16196941
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Primary Energy Consumption Patterns in Selected European Countries from 1990 to 2021: A Cluster Analysis Approach

Piotr Kosowski,
Katarzyna Kosowska,
Damian Janiga

Abstract: This study delves into the structure of primary energy consumption in European countries, utilizing data from the Eurostat database, and focuses on the years 1990 and 2021. Through cluster analysis, countries were categorized based on their consumption patterns, revealing significant insights into energy security. The findings indicate a discernible shift away from solid fossil fuels, with renewable energy sources witnessing the most substantial growth. Natural gas, serving as a transitional fuel, has seen a r… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(2 citation statements)
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References 39 publications
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“…This was achieved through three classification methods: Partially Ordered Set (POSET), Tiered Data Envelopment Analysis (TDEA), and Clustering Analysis. Another study by (Kosowski et al, 2023) Another study by (Zoltán & Imre, 2023) aimed to classify European Union countries, including Croatia, into homogeneous groups based on certain structural economic indicators using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis. Additionally, (Nizar, 2007) sought to classify 10 Arab countries into clusters based on their similarities in the development of vital sectors using various methods of cluster analysis, including singlelinkage, complete-linkage, and Ward's method.…”
Section: Previous Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This was achieved through three classification methods: Partially Ordered Set (POSET), Tiered Data Envelopment Analysis (TDEA), and Clustering Analysis. Another study by (Kosowski et al, 2023) Another study by (Zoltán & Imre, 2023) aimed to classify European Union countries, including Croatia, into homogeneous groups based on certain structural economic indicators using hierarchical and non-hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis. Additionally, (Nizar, 2007) sought to classify 10 Arab countries into clusters based on their similarities in the development of vital sectors using various methods of cluster analysis, including singlelinkage, complete-linkage, and Ward's method.…”
Section: Previous Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…With the rapid growth of global energy demands, nuclear energy is considered a clean and reliable energy source in the world [1]. Subsequently, a large amount of radioactive waste liquid will be generated.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%