Primary Lung Hyalinizing Clear Cell Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Challenge in Biopsy

Abstract

Introduction: Hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas (HCCCs) are rare, low-grade, malignant tumours. They most commonly involve the minor salivary glands of the head and neck. HCCC that occurs in uncommon locations and examining samples from small biopsy pose a diagnostic challenge for most pathologists.Case presentation: We herein report a primary pulmonary HCCC diagnosed by small biopsy and summarize its histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular features along with a review of 11 previously reported cases to emphasize the potential diagnostic pitfalls.Conclusions: Small biopsy diagnosis of primary pulmonary HCCC is fall from ideal. A collection of mimics needed to be ruled out. Awareness of the key morphologic features of pulmonary HCCC combined with essential immunohistochemistry and molecular tests contributes to the correct diagnosis.

Ship trajectory clustering based on improved Hausdorff distance

“…( , ) mfdist p p the improved Hausdorff distance is shown in Figure 2. It is assumed that there is a point 1 (2,4,5,3) p on the ship trajectory 1 TR , where 2, 4, 5 and 3 are longitude, latitude, course and speed respectively. Measure the distance from point 1 p on the trajectory 1 TR to the trajectory 2 TR , go through all the points on the trajectory 2 TR and the two trajectory points 21 (2,4,5,3) p and 22 (2,4,5,3) p closest to the point 1 p , and make A vertical line from point 1 p to the line where point 21 p and point 22 p lie.…”

“…It is assumed that there is a point 1 (2,4,5,3) p on the ship trajectory 1 TR , where 2, 4, 5 and 3 are longitude, latitude, course and speed respectively. Measure the distance from point 1 p on the trajectory 1 TR to the trajectory 2 TR , go through all the points on the trajectory 2 TR and the two trajectory points 21 (2,4,5,3) p and 22 (2,4,5,3) p closest to the point 1 p , and make A vertical line from point 1 p to the line where point 21 p and point 22 p lie. The dashed line circle in Figure 2 is the vertical point 2 p , and the coordinates of 2 p can be obtained according to the corresponding mathematical relationship, the specific steps are as follows:…”

“…Step1: The position (longitude and latitude) information of the intersection point is obtained according to the vertical intersection point of the ship's track point and the line where the point is located. The track point 1 p and the line where the point 21 p and the point 22 p are located just intersect at the midpoint of the line, so the position information of the vertical point is (2,2) : p 21 (1,2,3,4) p 22 (3,2,7,6) p 1 (2,4,5,3) heading distance and speed distance. However, the dimensions of ship's position distance, heading distance and speed distance are different, and the direct combination calculation is easily affected by the behavior characteristics that change greatly.…”

“…Xiao et al [1] , obtained the typical movement trajectory of ships in this sea area by constructing corresponding AIS database and displaying the clustering results of ship tracks. Zhang [2] proposed a parallel pruning hierarchical clustering algorithm based on fast DTW distance measurement. Ma et al [3] , proposed a spectral clustering method for ship motion pattern identification based on one-way distance, constructed a trajectory similarity measure based on one-way distance, obtained the trajectory similarity matrix, and obtained the normal motion mode of the ship.…”