Primary Motor Cortex Excitability Is Modulated During the Mental Simulation of Hand Movement

Hyde, Christian; Fuelscher, Ian; Lum, Jarrad A. G.; Williams, Jacqueline; He, Jason; Enticott, Peter G.

doi:10.1017/s1355617717000029

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…While the present results strongly indicate responder subgroups to paired cTBS AMT , a limitation of the present assessments relates to the possibility that we cannot unequivocally exclude a partial influence of individual confounders. Specifically, despite the instructions to remain in a relaxed state of consciousness, some subjects might nevertheless have influenced the MEP unintentionally; a possibility emerging from the demonstration that motor cortex excitability can be modulated by mental simulation of movements (Hyde et al, 2017 ). This is in agreement with studies supporting the hypothesis of MEP being modulated by the prestimulus brain state (Iscan et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Approach to Responder Subgroup Identification after Paired Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Heidegger

Hansen-Goos

Batlaeva

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Background: Modulation of cortical excitability by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is used for investigating human brain functions. A common observation is the high variability of long-term depression (LTD)-like changes in human (motor) cortex excitability. This study aimed at analyzing the response subgroup distribution after paired continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) as a basis for subject selection.Methods: The effects of paired cTBS using 80% active motor threshold (AMT) in 31 healthy volunteers were assessed at the primary motor cortex (M1) corresponding to the representation of the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of the left hand, before and up to 50 min after plasticity induction. The changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were analyzed using machine-learning derived methods implemented as Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) and computed ABC analysis.Results: The probability density distribution of the MEP changes from baseline was tri-modal, showing a clear separation at 80.9%. Subjects displaying at least this degree of LTD-like changes were n = 6 responders. By contrast, n = 7 subjects displayed a paradox response with increase in MEP. Reassessment using ABC analysis as alternative approach led to the same n = 6 subjects as a distinct category.Conclusion: Depressive effects of paired cTBS using 80% AMT endure at least 50 min, however, only in a small subgroup of healthy subjects. Hence, plasticity induction by paired cTBS might not reflect a general mechanism in human motor cortex excitability. A mathematically supported criterion is proposed to select responders for enrolment in assessments of human brain functional networks using virtual brain lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Data-Driven Approach to Responder Subgroup Identification after Paired Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Heidegger

Hansen-Goos

Batlaeva

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…The ADC is a 40-item questionnaire designed to identify current and childhood difficulties with completing daily living tasks related to motor function. The ADC is often used to determine whether poor motor skill is associated with a reduced ability to perform tasks of everyday living ( 93 , 100 – 102 ). While ideal for addressing Criteria B and C, conjecture remains surrounding appropriate cutoffs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the same screening procedure, all controls were confirmed to have age-appropriate motor abilities, as indicated by a percentile ranking above the 20th percentile for “Total Motor Composite” scores of the BOT-2 [see also Ref. ( 83 , 93 , 100 )] and were free of any self-reported medical or neurological impairments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interhemispheric Cortical Inhibition Is Reduced in Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Fuelscher

Enticott

et al. 2018

Front. Neurol.

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IntroductionWhile the etiology of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is yet to be established, brain-behavior modeling provides a cogent argument that neuropathology may subserve the motor difficulties typical of DCD. We argue that a number of the core behavioral features of the DCD profile (such as poor surround inhibition, compromised motor inhibition, and the presence of mirror movements) are consistent with difficulties regulating inhibition within the primary motor cortex (M1). This study aimed to be the first account of the integrity of cortical inhibition in motor cortices in DCD.MethodThe sample consisted of eight adults with DCD aged (18–30 years) and 10 aged matched neurotypical controls. Participants received a common battery of single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation from which a series of neurophysiological measures classically used to measure intra- [e.g., short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI), and cortical silent period] and inter hemispheric [e.g., ipsilateral silent period (ISP)] cortical inhibition of the M1 at rest were recorded.ResultsWhile no group differences were observed for any measure of intrahemispheric cortical inhibition, individuals with DCD demonstrated significantly reduced interhemispheric cortical inhibition relative to controls, shown by consistently lower ISPratios.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with the view that regulation of cortical inhibition of M1 activity may be atypical in individuals with DCD, indicating differential GABAergic operation. This effect, however, appears to be select to cortical inhibition. Importantly, our data support the notion that reduced interhemispheric M1 cortical inhibition may at least partly explain commonly reported difficulties with bimanual motor control in DCD. The neurochemical implications and limitations of this evidence will be discussed.

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“…Studies that applied the task of mental rotation associated with neuroimaging observe a significant motor activation of the cortex when participants imagined the mental rotation of the hand figures (23). In a recent study involving transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Hyde et al (24) suggest that the motor cortex is activated during the performance of HLJ. In this task, hand figures are presented in different spatial orientations and individuals mentally simulate the movements of their own hands and decide whether the figures represent the left or right hands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motor Imagery Development in Children: Changes in Speed and Accuracy With Increasing Age

et al. 2020

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Although motor imagery has been pointed as a promising strategy for the rehabilitation of children with neurological disorders, information on their development throughout childhood and adolescence is still scarce. For instance, it is still unclear at what age they reach a development comparable to the motor imagery performance observed in adults. Herein we used a mental rotation task to assess motor imagery in 164 typically developing children and adolescents, which were divided into four age groups (6-7, 8-9, 10-11, and 12-13 years) and 30 adults. The effects of biomechanical constraints, accuracy, and reaction time of the mental rotation task were considered. ANOVA showed that all groups had the effect of biomechanical restrictions of the mental rotation task. We found a group effect for accuracy [F (4, 180) = 17,560; p < 0.00; η² = 3.79] and reaction time [F (4, 180) = 17.5; p < 0.001, η² = 0.615], with the results of children groups 6-7 and 8-9 years being significantly lower than the other groups (p < 0.05). In all the analyses, there were no differences regarding accuracy and reaction time among the participants of the age groups 10-11 and 12-13 years and adults (p > 0.05). Concluding, children aged 6-7 years were able to perform motor imagery, motor imagery ability improved as the participants' ages increased, and children aged 10 and over-performed similarly to adults.

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Primary Motor Cortex Excitability Is Modulated During the Mental Simulation of Hand Movement

Abstract: These findings provide support for the modulation of PMC excitability during the HLT attributable to MI, and may indicate a role for the PMC during MI. (JINS, 2017, 23, 185-193).

Cited by 17 publications

References 50 publications

A Data-Driven Approach to Responder Subgroup Identification after Paired Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

A Data-Driven Approach to Responder Subgroup Identification after Paired Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Interhemispheric Cortical Inhibition Is Reduced in Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Motor Imagery Development in Children: Changes in Speed and Accuracy With Increasing Age

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