Primary osteoblasts, osteoblast precursor cells or osteoblast‐like cell lines: Which human cell types are (most) suitable for characterizing 45S5‐bioactive glass?

Abstract

The question how bioactive glasses (BGs) influence the viability and osteogenic differentiation of human osteogenic cells has already been addressed by several studies.However, a literature review revealed great differences in the type of cells used for these experiments. Primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) represent the desired standard, but possess the limitation of patient variability and time-consuming isolation protocols. Therefore, several alternative cell types have been used including primary mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) and the "osteoblast-like" cell lines MG-63, Saos-2, HOS, and U2OS. The aim of our study was the identification of the cell type most suitable for tissue engineering projects involving BGs by comparative analysis of cell viability and osteogenic differentiation in response to crystallized 45S5-BG. We observed that hOBs, BMSCs, and MG-63 cells were resistant to 45S5-BG induced cytotoxicity, while the viability of Saos-2, HOS, and U2OS cells was significantly reduced. In addition, we detected alkaline phosphatase activity, except in U2OS cells, that increased upon 45S5-BG cocultivation, demonstrating the induction of osteogenic differentiation. Our data and the fact that the donor-dependent variations can be avoided when using MG-63 cells suggest that these are a promising alternative to primary cells and remain an important cell line for future BG related studies.

Bioactive Glass (BG) ICIE16 Shows Promising Osteogenic Properties Compared to Crystallized 45S5-BG

“…MSCs have been demonstrated as tolerating BG-mediated cytotoxicity better than other cell types, even when being exposed to high concentrations of 45S5-BG [10]. In this study, 45S5-CBG had a higher impact on rising pH values compared to ICIE16-BG.…”

“…Amongst several alternatives, the ICIE16-BG exhibits attractive features-compared to 45S5-BG, it shows a lower tendency towards crystallization when sintered due to a greater thermal processing window [13][14][15] while maintaining a NC that is close to 45S5-BG, substantiating favorable bioactivity [13]. Thus far, the impact of ICIE16-BG on viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs remains unknown; furthermore, the ICIE16-BG has never been benchmarked to the well-known 45S5-BG composition [10]. In this study, both BGs were compared in the phase assembly achieved after scaffold production for bone tissue engineering by high temperature sintering, with the result being that amorphous ICIE16-BG granules were compared to crystallized 45S5-BG (45S5-CBG).…”

“…Apart from these favorable properties, 45S5-BG also suffers from some limitations, for example, the narrow sintering window leads to crystallization during thermal processing, which is usually required to fabricate scaffolds, thus resulting in a heterogeneous dissolution and reduced bioactivity due to the presence of amorphous and crystalline phases [8,9]. Furthermore, the initial burst release of sodium ions results in a dramatic local pH increase, leading to cell death, at least under in vitro conditions [10,11]. 45S5-BG contains a relatively large amount of sodium ions included originally in the 45S5 composition in order to reduce the melting temperature [11].…”

Strontium- and Cobalt-Doped Multicomponent Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses (MBGs) for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

“…There is a long history of successful applications of bioactive glasses (BGs) in the management of bone-related diseases and disorders, as they could improve osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo [1][2][3][4]. The initial types of BGs were synthesized by using a simple melt-quenching method; however, the high temperatures applied to prepare such glasses (typically around 1500 • C) are considered a critical limitation when incorporation of biomolecules into BGs is a goal to achieve an improvement in biological outcomes [5,6].…”

Resveratrol Induces the Osteogenic Differentiation via MiR-320c by Targeting Runx2 and Is Involved in the Adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs

“…BMSCs are multipotent progenitor cells and have been wildly used in clinical therapies due to their differentiation potentials [22,23]. Recent publications reported that RSVL could promote the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, however, the underlying molecular mechanism of RSVLinduced BMSCs osteogenic differentiation is still unclear.…”