Primary Vascular Patterns in the Vitaceae

Abstract

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences.Vitaceous shoots can be classified into five distinct architectural patterns based on a three-node sequence of tendril and axillary bud presence. The relationship between two of the more commonly occurring patterns and their primary vasculature was examined. Cissus alata was chosen to represent pattern 5 (distichous phyllotaxy and continuous leaf-opposed tendril/inflorescences) and Vitis riparia to represent pattern 4 (distichous phyllotaxy and a three-node modular pattern of interrupted leaf-opposed tendril/inflorescences). Both species show architectural dorsiventrality in that the prophyll of the first-order axillary bud is ventral and vascular dorsiventrality in that all midvein leaf traces arise from ventral vascular sympodia. Both taxa have an even number of vascular sympodia, with four in C. alata and six in V. riparia. Leaf traces are multilacunar, with seven traces in C. alata and five in V. riparia. The leaf-opposed tendril/inflorescences have the same vascular architecture as the axillary buds and are derived from the same vascular sympodia, although there is no evidence from this study that the tendrils represent a vertically displaced serial axillary bud. Vascular architecture reflects the underlying three-node modularity of these shoot patterns in two ways: first, leaf traces in both species most commonly arise three nodes below their point of departure from the stem, and second, the number of internodes the axillary bud traces traverse is dependent on the position of the tendril within the shoot module in V. riparia (pattern 4). Vegetative characters such as shoot architecture and primary vascular pattern should prove useful in phylogenetic analyses of this architecturally unique family.

Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers

“…These tendrils are considered to be modified shoots or inflorescences (Tucker and Hoefert, 1968;Gerrath et al, 2001). These tendrils are considered to be modified shoots or inflorescences (Tucker and Hoefert, 1968;Gerrath et al, 2001).…”

“…Inflorescences of Vitaceae are typically paniculate systems (Troll, 1969). Detailed systematic vegetative and floral developmental studies have been conducted by Gerrath, Posluszny, and their collaborators (e.g., Gerrath and Posluszny, 1988a, b, c;1989a, b, c;Gerrath et al, 1998Gerrath et al, , 2001. Nectary morphology is highly variable in Vitaceae and has been emphasized in defining genera (Suessenguth, 1953a;Gerrath et al, 2004).…”

“…Vitaceae are usually woody climbers or herbaceous vines or small succulents with leaf-opposed tendrils. These tendrils are considered to be modified shoots or inflorescences (Tucker and Hoefert, 1968;Gerrath et al, 2001). Leaves in Vitaceae commonly bear ''pearl'' glands, and these glands are usually small spherical epidermal structures with a short stalk.…”

Left–right leaf asymmetry in decussate and distichous phyllotactic systems

“…If leaf primordia are inherently asymmetric and symmetry is a result of secondary development, it is perhaps not so surprising that morphometric methods can statistically detect directional asymmetries in superficially symmetric species. We also note that the SAM of grapevine and related species is dorsiventrally patterned perpendicular to the axis of distichous leaf initiation [26]. Different numbers of vascular traces enter the leaves on the dorsal and ventral sides of the shoot, which in the context of distichous phyllotaxy, creates an inherent mirrored asymmetry in vascular patterning, Table 2.…”

Phylogeny of Vitaceae based on the nuclearGAI1gene sequencesThis article is one of a selection of papers presented at the symposium onVitisat the XVII International Botanical Congress held in Vienna, Austria, in 2005.

“…(Soejima and Wen 2006;Wen 2007a). Vegetative and floral development of Vitaceae has been systematically recorded by Gerrath, Posluszny, and their collaborators (e.g., Gerrath and Posluszny 1988a, 1988b, 1988c1989a, 1989b, 1989cGerrath et al 1998Gerrath et al , 2001Gerrath et al 2004). Morphological synapomorphies of Vitaceae in- clude leaf-opposed tendrils, climbing habit, presence of ''pearl'' glands (small spherical epidermal structures with a short stalk) on leaves, and a suite of specialized seed characters.…”