Primates in Fragments 10 Years Later: Once and Future Goals

Marsh, Laura K.; Chapman, Colin A.; Arroyo‐Rodríguez, Víctor; Cobden, Amy K.; Dunn, Jacob C.; Gabriel, Denise N.; Ghai, Ria R.; Nijman, Vincent; Reyna-Hurtado, Rafael; Serio-Silva, Juan Carlos; Wasserman, Michael D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8839-2_34

Cited by 33 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Primates are particularly vulnerable to human-caused disturbances (Marsh et al 2013, Estrada et al 2017, including changes in landscape patterns (Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2013a, Benchimol and Venticinque 2014, Dias et al 2015). Yet, the lack of landscape studies with primates has limited our knowledge about the effect of landscape structure on primates (Arroyo-Rodríguez and Mandujano 2009, Arroyo-Rodríguez et al 2013a, Arroyo-Rodríguez and Fahrig 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

et al. 2018

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Understanding the effect of landscape structure on biodiversity is critically needed to improve management strategies. To accurately evaluate such effect, landscape metrics need to be assessed at the correct scale, i.e. considering the spatial extent at which species–landscape relationship is strongest (scale of effect, SE). Although SE is highly variable, its drivers are poorly known, but of key relevance to understand the way species use the landscape. In this study, we evaluate whether and how species traits, biological responses, landscape variables and the regional context of the study drive SE in Mexican primates. We estimated the relative abundance and immature‐to‐female ratio (a proxy of reproductive success) of howler monkeys Alouatta palliata and A. pigra and spider monkeys Ateles geoffroyi in 48 forest patches from four rainforest regions (12 patches per region) with different land‐use intensity. We then assessed the composition (forest cover, matrix functionality) and configuration (forest patch density, connectors’ density, forest edge density) of local landscapes considering 13 scales (100 to 1300‐m radius) to identify the spatial extent at which each landscape variable best predict each response variable in each species and region. We found that SE did not differ significantly among the drivers evaluated. However, it tended to be lower for connectors’ density than for forest patch density and forest edge density, probably because connectors’ density is associated with local‐scale processes such as supplementary dynamics. Surprisingly, SE also tended to be higher in the more disturbed region than in the rest of the regions, probably because primates in the more disturbed region used larger areas of the landscape. Our findings therefore suggest that SE depends more strongly on landscape variables and regional context than on species traits and biological responses, and hence, especial caution should be taken when attempting to generalize SE to different explanatory variables and regions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

et al. 2018

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“…We compared the predictive power between each response variable and each landscape variable across 10 different-sized spatial extents (0.2-28.3 km 2 ) to identify the landscape size within which primate-landscape relationships were best predicted. Forest specialist species-such as most Neotropical primates-are particularly vulnerable to local and landscape disturbances (Arroyo-Rodríguez & Mandujano, 2009;Chapman & Peres, 2001;Estrada et al, 2017;Marsh et al, 2013;Moraes et al, 2018). At the local level, for instance, the occurrence of primates may be influenced by the availability of food resources (e.g., Alouatta palliata mexicana; Arroyo-Rodríguez, Mandujano, Benítez-Malvido, & Cuende-Fantón, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the scales of effect of landscape structure on primate species richness and density of titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons)

Gestich

Arroyo‐Rodríguez

Ribeiro

et al. 2018

Ecological Research

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In the Anthropocene, many animal populations are increasingly confined to human‐modified landscapes, in which different spatial variables describing landscape composition and configuration influence species persistence. Forest specialist species are particularly vulnerable to these landscape disturbances. Yet, landscape effects may be undetected if assessed at the wrong spatial scale. Thus, identifying the “scale of effect”, which is the optimal spatial scale for estimating ecological responses to each landscape variable, is needed to understand the impact of landscape structure modification on species. Here, we explored the scale of effect of two compositional (forest cover and anthropogenic cover) and two configurational landscape variables (forest patch density and forest edge density) on two ecological responses: primate species richness and group densities of titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons). We sampled 16 study sites in northeastern São Paulo State, Brazil. For each site, we measured each landscape variable within 10 different‐sized landscapes ranging from 0.2 to 28.3 km2 to identify the scale of effect of each landscape variable. The strength of all the primate‐landscape relationships varied across spatial scales. Although both ecological responses were most strongly associated with forest cover at the largest scale, the scale of effect of the other landscape variables differed between the response variables. These results suggest that each response variable is shaped by landscape patterns and processes operating across different spatial scales. We highlight the importance of separately assessing the scale of effect of each landscape variable on each ecological response to better understand the impact of landscape structure on species persistence.

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“…At the same time, habitat degradation and fragmentation also influence the behavior and ecology of primates (see Marsh et al 2013 and references therein). Amongst Neotropical rainforest vertebrates, spider monkeys (genus Ateles) are one of the most threatened taxa (IUCN 2015) and one of the first to go locally extinct in fragmented landscapes (Michalski & Peres 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased folivory in brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus living in a fragmented forest in Colombia

Luna¹,

Link²,

Montes³

et al. 2017

Endang. Species. Res.

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Brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus are one of the most threatened primates in the Neotropics. Most of the remaining populations of this species already live either in forest fragments or in areas that face imminent anthropogenic disturbance. Understanding how these animals cope with the challenge of living in small fragments, while at the same time being a large, frugivorous mammal is crucial to design effective conservation and management strategies. We studied the diet of wild A. hybridus and measured forest productivity in a small (~65 ha) fragment in the Magdalena Region of northern Colombia over a period of 26 mo. Spider monkeys at this site spent far less time feeding on fruits than reported in previous studies of Ateles spp. living in less fragmented sites. Moreover, we registered a high consumption of leaves in every month (on average 37% of their feeding time) as well as the consistent inclusion of decayed wood in the diet. Ficus trees can be considered staple feeding items, as they were present in high proportions in the monkeys' diet throughout the study. Although wild populations of spider monkeys can have flexible diets that include large proportions of leaves over long periods of time, they may also be exposed to a suboptimal diet which may have negative implications for their reproduction and well-being in the long run, further compromising the viability of wild populations living in disturbed habitats.

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Primates in Fragments 10 Years Later: Once and Future Goals

Cited by 33 publications

References 70 publications

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

Drivers of the spatial scale that best predict primate responses to landscape structure

Unraveling the scales of effect of landscape structure on primate species richness and density of titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons)

Increased folivory in brown spider monkeys Ateles hybridus living in a fragmented forest in Colombia

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