Primed for Backlash: Among Whom Does Demographic Change Provoke Anti-Immigration Attitudes?

Abstract

Past research has explored which factors are important in understanding immigration attitudes, incorporating economic, cultural, and political components, among others. Simultaneously, a literature linking local demographic context to immigration attitudes has developed, in part to identify under what conditions demographic change might increase immigration Backlash. I combine these literatures by examining what characteristics and/or contexts for U.S.-born Whites predict Backlash to demographic change. I find evidence that county-level Hispanic growth predicts a preference for reducing immigration among three groups: those without a four-year degree, those identifying as political Independents, and those reporting a decrease in household income. These results provide a framework for understanding how immigration policy attitudes may evolve for different groups in the context of demographic change.

The Robustness of Social Capital in The Wildlife Tourism Micro Entrepreneurship Arena

“…Entrepreneurship, social capital interactions and trust in facilitating resource exchange develop the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship that affects the outcomes (Nie and Yang, 2023). According to Maggio (2023), social capital plays a vital role in controlling poverty through family support, social control, and social networks. It generates the utility to influence individuals' criminal activities (Larroulet et al, 2023).…”

“…Many scholars have worked on social networks that affect trust, norms of reciprocity, and networks of civic engagements (Tataw, 2023;Bouty, 2000;Ting, 2023). Likewise, other scholars like Covarrubias (2023), Maggio (2023) and Putnam (2000) have contributed in different ways to the explanation of social capital. Bonding and bridging social capital have specific features that affect the perception of social capital and outcomes.…”