Principal component analysis of synthetic adulterants in herbal supplements advertised as weight loss drugs

Dastjerdi, Akram Ghasemi; Akhgari, Maryam; Kamali, Artin; Mousavi, Zahra

doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.03.007

Cited by 31 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies in many countries, including Iran, have identified the most common undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients as adulterants in weight loss herbal supplements from many pharmacological categories. These classes include amphetamine analogs, as anorexic agents (sibutramine, desmethyl sibutramine, amfepramone, fenproporex, fenfluramine, ephedrine, norephedrine, phendimetrazine), methylxanthines (caffeine), thyroid hormones, rimonabant, laxatives (phenolphthalein, docusate sodium), diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, spironolactone, and hydrochlorothiazide), antidepressants (fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, protriptyline, and bupropion), synthetic Phosphodiesterase type-5 (PDE5)-inhibitory drugs (sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil), and opioids (methadone, tramadol) [1,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a long consumption of adulterated weight loss herbal products may cause severe adverse effects and toxicity to patients and could be considered as a cause of morbidity and mortality [12,[14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, the chemical analysis of adulterated herbal products is an essential issue in clinical and forensic medicine and toxicology [19]. Studies on investigating adulterants in weight loss herbal products are limited in Iran [12,16,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the chemical analysis of adulterated herbal products is an essential issue in clinical and forensic medicine and toxicology [19]. Studies on investigating adulterants in weight loss herbal products are limited in Iran [12,16,19]. Thus, this study aimed to identify the possible adulteration in herbal weight loss products available in the drug market of Bojnurd City, Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Salahshour

Sadeghi

Nazari

et al. 2020

Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med

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Background: The popularity and use of herbal medicines and supplements are growing worldwide. Herbal anti-obesity products have been considered as suitable alternatives to synthetic pharmaceuticals as they are introduced as harmless natural products. However, some manufacturers often add undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals to the anti-obesity herbal medicine products to improve their efficacy and potency. The present study aimed to analyze herbal weight loss products collected from the drug market in Bojnurd City, Iran.Methods: Ninety-six herbal drug samples, as weight loss products, were obtained from herb shops and pharmacies in Bojnurd City, Iran. All samples were analyzed to detect undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques.Results: Caffeine, trimethoxyamphetamine, and vitamin E were identified in herbal weight loss products. Caffeine was detected in 21.8% of the obtained samples, as the most common undeclared active pharmaceutical adulterant. Conclusion: Undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients in herbal weight loss products could threaten patients’ health. Thus, it is necessary to create awareness through health authorities in this regard.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Salahshour

Sadeghi

Nazari

et al. 2020

Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med

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show abstract

“…Herbal drugs are considered a core element of complementary and alternative medicine in clinical practice (Diamond, 2017). The popularity of incorporating natural products in slimming preparations, as a safe solution to obesity, is astonishingly rising for the reason of the belief that what is natural is always safe, even if not satisfyingly effective (Dastjerdi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients as adulterants in Garcinia cambogia slimming preparations using NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

Selim

Shawky

El-khair

2020

Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences

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A rapid, simple and efficient method with minimal sample treatment was developed for authentication of Garcinia cambogia fruit peel powder, along with determining undeclared active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in its herbal slimming dietary supplements using near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Five featured adulterants, including sibutramine, metformin, orlistat, ephedrine, and theophylline are selected as target compounds. The Near infrared spectral data matrix of authentic Garcinia cambogia fruit peel and specimens degraded by intentional contamination with the five selected APIs was subjected to hierarchical clustering analysis to investigate their bundling figure. SIMCA models were established to ensure the genuiness of Garcinia cambogia fruit peel which resulted in perfect classification of all tested specimens. Adulterated samples were utilized for construction of PLSR models based on different APIs contents at minute levels of fraud practices (LOQ < 0.2% w/w).The suggested approach can be applied to enhance and guarantee the safety and quality of Garcinia fruit peel powder as raw material and in dietary supplements.

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“…In Iran, many unregistered herbal shops introduce herbal medicines as traditional formulations, but there are poor regulations for the safety of traditional herbal products. There are a few reports from Iran and other countries about the adulteration of herbal remedies by synthetic pharmaceuticals sold as weight loss, weight gain, and sexual enhancer products in herbal shops and through the Internet, satellite channels, and social media [14,[17][18][19][20][21]. However, scant studies have been performed on the determination of adulterants in herbal products used in opioid addiction treatment in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Common Pharmaceutical Adulterants in Herbal Medicinal Products Used in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction

Shiri-Ghaleh

Moradi

Soltaninejad

2019

Int J Med Toxicol Forensic Med

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Background: Opioid addiction is a serious and growing global concern. Recently, herbal medicine has been popular for the treatment of opioid abusers worldwide. Unfortunately, the adulteration of herbal remedies with undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals has been reported. In Iran, there are few reports on the adulteration of herbal remedies by synthetic pharmaceuticals sold as opioid addiction treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze herbal products used in opioid addiction treatment for the identification of synthetic pharmaceuticals as adulterants in the remedies.Methods: Forty commonly-used handmade herbal products for the treatment of opioid addiction were collected from herbal shops in Kermanshah (western area of Iran). After organoleptic examinations, the samples were prepared and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for detecting probable synthetic pharmaceutical adulterants.Results: The chromatographic analysis of the samples showed that 90% of the products had at least one undeclared pharmaceutical ingredient as an adulterant. The majority of the samples (n=19, 47.5%) had only one undeclared pharmaceutical. Diphenoxylate (n=24, 39.3%), tramadol (n=16, 26.2), methadone (n=8, 13.2%), and the combination of these drugs were reported as common adulterants. We detected the presence of buprenorphine and sildenafil as adulterating agents in the herbal formulations for the first time.Conclusion: According to the presence of undeclared synthetic pharmaceuticals in opioid addiction herbal products, as well as their threats to public health, awareness, in this case, is necessary.

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Principal component analysis of synthetic adulterants in herbal supplements advertised as weight loss drugs

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Determining Undeclared Synthetic Pharmaceuticals as Adulterants in Weight Loss Herbal Medicines

Detection and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients as adulterants in Garcinia cambogia slimming preparations using NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics

Determination of Common Pharmaceutical Adulterants in Herbal Medicinal Products Used in the Treatment of Opioid Addiction

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