Principle component analysis of flue gas exhaust and health risk estimates for the population around a functional incinerator in the vicinity of Rawalpindi Pakistan

Kamal, Anila; Ali, Usman; Ramay, Muhammad Irshad; Younis, Syed Muhammad Zubair; Sumbal, Syeda; Malik, Riffat Naseem; Rashid, Audil

doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.006

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Lahore, high concentration of BghiP and IP indicated gasoline and oil combustion (Kwon and Choi, 2008). In addition, we observed high concentration of several LM-PAHs in Rawalpindi city, including Naph, Phe, which could be originating from the petroleum refinery located within the city suburbs, in particular, from the functional incinerator of this refinery which could be is a very important source of volatile PAHs and particulate matter (PM) in these areas (Kamal et al, 2013(Kamal et al, , 2015b.…”

Section: Pahs Profile In the Atmosphere Of The District Rawalpindi/ismentioning

confidence: 87%

Profile of Atmospheric PAHs in Rawalpindi, Lahore and Gujranwala Districts of Punjab Province (Pakistan)

Kamal

Syed

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, polyurethane foam passive air samplers (PUF-PAS) were deployed to evaluate the atmospheric concentration levels and ambient exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Gujranwala, Lahore and Rawalpindi districts of the Punjab Province (Pakistan). The PAHs were extracted from the PUFs disks using Soxhlet extraction assembly, and were further concentrated using rotary evaporator, purified on a column, packed with alumina/silica, and eluted with a solution of dichloromethane:hexane (1:1 v:v). The PAHs quantification was carried out gas-chromatograph equipped with a mass-spectrometer (GC-MS). Regression scatter plots and molecular diagnostic ratios were used to identify and characterize the emission of PAH species from different sources. Among all detected PAHs, a high concentration of naphthalene (Naph) was observed in Lahore (327 pg m -3 ) and Rawalpindi (316 pg m -3 ) cities followed by phenanthrene, banzo(a)pyrene, pyrene, benzo(b)florenthene and benzo(k)flourenthene. Our findings revealed that the low molecular weight (LM)-PAHs in Rawalpindi and Gujranwala cities could have possibly originated from a local petroleum refinery and vehicular emissions respectively, whereas the high molecular weight (HM)-PAHs observed in Wazirabad, could be largely related to both biomass and traffic emissions. Results also showed that ~88 percent of the atmospheric PAHs could be attributed to the wood combustions (R 2 = 0.88), out of which more than 50 percent of wood combustion were possibly with the brick kiln sector (R 2 = 0.53).

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Section: Pahs Profile In the Atmosphere Of The District Rawalpindi/ismentioning

confidence: 87%

Profile of Atmospheric PAHs in Rawalpindi, Lahore and Gujranwala Districts of Punjab Province (Pakistan)

Kamal

Syed

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…However, due to possible damage to fiber, heat recovery also requires the facility to generate and store the waste gas and liquid. When wrongly operated, heat recovery may cause considerable carbon dioxide and toxic substance that increases environmental burden [6,7,8]. By contrast, chemical recovery easily damages fibers and generates complex byproducts, which adds difficulty to the recycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Static Stab Resistant Properties of Hybrid-Fabric Fibrous Planks: Manufacturing Process of Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Recycled Fibers

et al. 2019

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With the development of technology, fibers and textiles are no longer exclusive for the use of clothing and decoration. Protective products made of high-strength and high-modulus fibers have been commonly used in different fields. When exceeding the service life, the protective products also need to be replaced. This study proposes a highly efficient recycling and manufacturing design to create more added values for the waste materials. With a premise of minimized damage to fibers, the recycled selvage made of high strength PET fibers are reclaimed to yield high performance staple fibers at a low production cost. A large amount of recycled fibers are made into matrices with an attempt to decrease the consumption of new materials, while the combination of diverse plain woven fabrics reinforces hybrid-fabric fibrous planks. First, with the aid of machines, recycled high strength PET fibers are processed into staple fibers. Using a nonwoven process, low melting point polyester (LMPET) fibers and PET staple fibers are made into PET matrices. Next, the matrices and different woven fabrics are combined in order to form hybrid-fabric fibrous planks. The test results indicate that both of the PET matrices and fibrous planks have good mechanical properties. In particular, the fibrous planks yield diverse stab resistances from nonwoven and woven fabrics, and thus have greater stab performance.

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“…The process of incineration remains a highly controversial topic mainly due to the risk of air pollution associated with the process [1]. Thermal decomposition of organic and inorganic waste during incineration releases a large concentration of air pollutants such as CO, SO 2 , NOx, CO 2 and particulate matter (PM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Vicinity of an Incinerator

Endjambi¹,

Ameh²,

Kgabi³

et al. 2016

GEP

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Incineration is an effective way of health care waste management, but it is also a source of air pollution. Thermal decomposition of organic and inorganic waste during incineration releases a large concentration of air pollutants such as CO, SO 2 , NOx, CO 2 and particulate matter (PM). A cross sectional-descriptive study was conducted to determine the short-term variations in PM concentrations across various areas in the vicinity of a local incinerator in Windhoek, Namibia. XRF Qualitative analysis method was used to determine the elemental composition of fallout dust concentration from six study areas/stations in the vicinity of a local incinerator. Single bucket fallout monitors were deployed following the American Society for Testing and Materials standard method for collection and analysis of dust fallout to determine the elemental composition of fallout dust. Real-time PM concentration trends were also recorded using a portable Micro dust Pro Real-time Dust Monitor for PM 10 at a height of 2.2 m above the ground. High PM concentration peaks were observed in the morning and afternoon hours at varying points. The fallout dust rate ranged between highest 1839.3 mg/m 2 /day at sampling Point 4 and lowest 711 mg/m 2 /day at sampling Point 2. The XRF analysis revealed the presence of toxic elements and crustal elements in order of decreasing abundance: Mn > Zn > Cr > V > Zr > Sr > Pb > Ni and SI > K > Fe > Ti > Ca > Al > P respectively. Highest elemental composition concentrations were found at sampling location in the vicinity of the incinerator and in industrial area.

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Principle component analysis of flue gas exhaust and health risk estimates for the population around a functional incinerator in the vicinity of Rawalpindi Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Profile of Atmospheric PAHs in Rawalpindi, Lahore and Gujranwala Districts of Punjab Province (Pakistan)

Profile of Atmospheric PAHs in Rawalpindi, Lahore and Gujranwala Districts of Punjab Province (Pakistan)

Mechanical and Static Stab Resistant Properties of Hybrid-Fabric Fibrous Planks: Manufacturing Process of Nonwoven Fabrics Made of Recycled Fibers

Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Vicinity of an Incinerator

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