Principles of Weed Control

Ahlgren, Gilbert H.; Klingman, Glenn C.; Wolf, Dale E.

doi:10.1097/00010694-195202000-00022

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…B. napus seed meal was low in total GLSs compared with the other two BSMs, but it still contained 10.5 mmolÁg -1 of indolylic GLSs that produce SCN - (Brown and Morra, 1993). SCNis toxic to microorganisms and plants (Ahlgren et al, 1951;Ju et al, 1983;Smith et al, 1945;Stiehl and Bible, 1989). The release of 2-propenyl ITC and SCNfrom their respective GLS precursors in soil has been documented (Borek et al, 1994;Brown et al, 1991;Hansson et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Meals from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops as Soil Amendments: Influence on Carrot Growth, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Snyder¹,

Morra²,

Johnson‐Maynard³

et al. 2009

horts

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Brassicaceae seed meals (BSMs) average 6% nitrogen (N) by weight and contain glucosinolates (GLSs) that produce biologically active compounds. A two-season field study was initiated to determine how Brassica juncea L., Brassica napus L., and Sinapis alba L. seed meals, each with different glucosinolate profiles, alter carrot (Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus) growth, microbial biomass N (MBN), and soil N mineralization. BSM applications of 1 and 2 t·ha−1 36 days before planting did not influence carrot emergence, whereas carrot emergence decreased up to 40% in S. alba treatments seeded 15 days after BSM application. Crop quality was unaffected by BSM treatments and total fresh market yields were equal to or higher than the unamended controls in both years. At 4 and 8 days after seed meal application, MBN in the high-GLS B. juncea and S. alba treatments was 48% to 67% lower than in the low-GLS B. napus treatment. Seasonal apparent net N mineralized expressed as a percentage of the total N applied in the seed meals was unaffected by glucosinolate concentration and ranged from 30% to 81% across both years. BSMs can be used to increase soil inorganic N and carrot yields, but crop phytotoxicity is possible depending on the meal and its respective glucosinolate content. GLS degradation products inhibit microbial N uptake in the short term, but longer-term N availability is not compromised.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Meals from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops as Soil Amendments: Influence on Carrot Growth, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Snyder¹,

Morra²,

Johnson‐Maynard³

et al. 2009

horts

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“…Classification as cultural Reference 1 "eradication" - Brenchley (1920) with only "cleaning crops" (rotation not explained) 2 "extermination" - Pammel (1911) 3 "destruction" - Shaw (1892Shaw ( , 1893 4 "control, destroying" - Muenscher (1936) 5 "control" - Klingman & Ashton (1982), Ross & Lembi (1985) 6 "holding, "control" - Bolley (1908) "control" and eradication" "cultural" Ahlgren & al. (1951) 8 "control" "cultural" Chaudhary & al.…”

Section: Notions Of Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2020

J. Res. Weed Sci.

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An inventory of cultural control practices is undertaken by considering each practice for its biological selectivity with respect to weeds. Descriptions of cultural practices in the literature are often brief. Some recent syntheses neglect knowledge from older publications. Disagreement concerning the delimitation of these practices is common. Clarification of the knowledge base concerning the cultural management of field flora is required for "sustainable agriculture". The selectivity most often mentioned for each practice is limited to a few examples of taxa in a geographically limited area and is rarely considered in the light of general mechanisms of action on biological cycles. The controversial distinction made by many authors between preventive and curative methods is unnecessary. Each practice listed is presented with its biological target. On the scale of a single cultural cycle, thirty practices are compared. Each target tends to have a specific biological descriptor. Most of the practice target pairs have the disadvantage of having an extreme state opposed to that of the target. Crop rotations are described as successions between non-competitive crops or practices that encourage certain weeds on the one hand and cleaning crops or practices on the other. The latter mainly target diaspores that have a lifespan inferior to the planned cleaning duration. The allelopathic after-effects show three mechanisms. In temperate climates, rotations may be complex with respect to the diversity of crop and weed phenologies. Combinations of cultural interventions must take into account the mechanisms involved, particularly because some results could cancel each other out. KEYWORDS Cultural cycle Cultural practice Mimicking weed Crop rotation Life cycle Biological selectivity 19 "preventive" * Pawar (2009)

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“…Increase.s in yield resulring from niuofen fertilizat'ion geneially do not result in increase-s in p..rotein content' prob;bly because the-added-nitrogen has been entilely utilized earlier in ih" t."tott for vegetative growth (7, 9, l0). Applications of 2,4-D at f,ecommended dosalges to ce-real crops have often rezulted in reduced weed competition with aitendant incleases in yield (1,3,5).and.several investigatois have reported that treatment with'2,+-D, either directly or indirectly, ilso increased^the protein content of wheat (2,3, +,6,8). Since these observations were ;btained from small experimental plots and may not For personal use only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Losses Caused by Weed Competition in Manitoba Grain Fields: Ii. Effect of Weed Competition on the Protein Content of Cereal Crops

Friesen¹,

Shebeski²,

Robinson³

1960

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Economic losses caused by weed competition in Manitoba grain crops were studied on 142 farm fields during a 3-year period, 1956 to 1958 inclusive. Ten paired plots were located in each farm field, one-half of each paired plot being kept weed-free throughout the growing season. Per cent protein was determined on wheat, barley and oat samples collected from 60 of these farm fields. Significant increases in protein content were obtained following weed removal in 22 of the 60 grain fields studied and small increases were noted in most other fields. In the combined analysis of all fields, removal of weeds resulted in significant increases (P =.01) in both protein content and yield of wheat, barley and oats. This suggests that weeds compete very effectively with grain crops for available nitrogen and that reductions in crop yields resulting from weed competition are generally accompanied by reductions in protein content as well.

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Principles of Weed Control

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Seed Meals from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops as Soil Amendments: Influence on Carrot Growth, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Seed Meals from Brassicaceae Oilseed Crops as Soil Amendments: Influence on Carrot Growth, Microbial Biomass Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Untitled

Economic Losses Caused by Weed Competition in Manitoba Grain Fields: Ii. Effect of Weed Competition on the Protein Content of Cereal Crops

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