Prior hydration of Brassica tournefortii seeds reduces the stimulatory effect of karrikinolide on germination and increases seed sensitivity to abscisic acid

Long, Rowena L.; Williams, Kevin A.; Griffiths, Erin M.; Flematti, Gavin R.; Merritt, David J.; Stevens, Jason C.; Turner, Shane R.; Powles, Stephen B.; Dixon, Kingsley W.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcq061

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Similarly, Stevens et al (2007) showed that KAR1 treatments, under field conditions at rates of 2-20 g/ha, were effective in enhancing seedlings of economically important weed species such as Avena fatua, Arctotheca calendula, Brassica tournefortii and Raphanus raphanistrum. A further study on B. tournefortii demonstrated that hydration of the seeds prior to KAR1 application resulted in a reduction of the stimulatory effect (Long et al, 2010) as observed with hydration prior to smoke water treatment of Grand Rapids lettuce seeds (Light et al, 2002). This has important implications for the timing of application of either smoke or Ghazanfari et al, 2012) KAR1 under field conditions, where it may be necessary to apply smoke or KAR1 during the dry season, prior to the onset of the early rainfall events.…”

Section: Smoke On In Vitro Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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Smoke is an important factor involved in fire and post fire germination cues. The role of smoke in stimulating germination was first highlighted in South Africa in a study on Audouinia capitata, a threatened fynbos species. Farmers throughout the world have traditionally used fire and smoke in grain drying practices. It is thought that these methods improve germination and seedling vigor. Smoke has been applied in agriculture mainly by two ways viz., Aerosol method and Smoke water method. In aerosol method, seeds were directly exposed to smoke generated from burning plant material. Smoke-water is one of the most convenient means of application. The biologically active compounds present in smoke readily dissolve in water and when this smoke-extract is used as a diluted solution, treated seeds of many species show a marked improvement in germination. The main active germination compound of smoke-water derived from burned plant materials and cellulose has been identified as butenolide [3-methyl-2H-furo (2, 3-c) pyran-2-one], which is effective at very low concentrations (1 ppb). The compound has recently been referred to as "karrikinolide". Following the initial isolation of KAR1, a whole new family of plant growth regulators, termed 'karrikins', were identified in smoke and several related compounds have been synthesized. It is estimated that between 2 and 5 g of KAR1 is more than sufficient for 1 ha of land application rates that are commercially viable. Application of smoke in various agricultural, horticultural forage and forestry crops had found that smoke acted as a cue for breaking seeds of dormancy, improve seed germination, seedling growth, flowering, plant biomass of different plant families, Invitro plantlet regeneration and pathogen control (Anti-microbial properties).

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Section: Smoke On In Vitro Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Govindaraj¹,

Masilamani²,

Albert³

et al. 2016

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“…The butenolide 3-methyl-2H-furo [2,3-c]pyran-2-one, or KAR 1 , was identified in smoke as a bioactive compound that defines a family of related molecules known as karrikins (Flematti et al, 2004). Karrikins are potent germination stimulants, which are active in some species at concentrations as low as 1 nM (Flematti et al, 2004;Long et al, 2010). They also increase the sensitivity of seedlings to light, potentially enhancing seedling establishment and survival in the post-fire environment (Nelson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialisation within the DWARF14 protein family confers distinct responses to karrikins and strigolactones in Arabidopsis

et al. 2012

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SUMMARYKarrikins are butenolides derived from burnt vegetation that stimulate seed germination and enhance seedling responses to light. Strigolactones are endogenous butenolide hormones that regulate shoot and root architecture, and stimulate the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, karrikins and strigolactones are structurally similar but physiologically distinct plant growth regulators. In Arabidopsis thaliana, responses to both classes of butenolides require the F-box protein MAX2, but it remains unclear how discrete responses to karrikins and strigolactones are achieved. In rice, the DWARF14 protein is required for strigolactone-dependent inhibition of shoot branching. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis DWARF14 orthologue, AtD14, is also necessary for normal strigolactone responses in seedlings and adult plants. However, the AtD14 paralogue KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2) is specifically required for responses to karrikins, and not to strigolactones. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that KAI2 is ancestral and that AtD14 functional specialisation has evolved subsequently. Atd14 and kai2 mutants exhibit distinct subsets of max2 phenotypes, and expression patterns of AtD14 and KAI2 are consistent with the capacity to respond to either strigolactones or karrikins at different stages of plant development. We propose that AtD14 and KAI2 define a class of proteins that permit the separate regulation of karrikin and strigolactone signalling by MAX2. Our results support the existence of an endogenous, butenolide-based signalling mechanism that is distinct from the strigolactone pathway, providing a molecular basis for the adaptive response of plants to smoke.

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“…At present, butenolide can be artificially synthesized and has wide applicability as a germination and growth stimulant with potential implications for both weed management and improving crop seedling growth [31][32][33]. Butenolide was fairly recently reclassified and designated as karrikinolide or karrikins (KAR) [34][35][36][37][38][39]. The chemical 3-methyl-2H-furo [2, 3-c] pyran-2-one is the first found seed germination stimulant in smoke and was named KAR 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of smoke water and karrikin on seed germination of 13 species growing in China

JunFang¹,

Silva

2014

Open Life Sciences

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Plant-derived smoke water (SW), derived from combusted plant material, has been shown to stimulate seed germination and improve seedling vigor of a number of plant species from fire-dependent Mediterranean-type climate areas. The effects of SW on seed germination of 13 plant species from southern tropical and subtropical monsoon climate regions of South China are reported for the first time in this study using laboratory and pot trials. Among the 13 species tested, only Aristolochia debilis showed a significant positive response to commercial SW when diluted 1:10. Seed germination of A. debilis was also stimulated by 1-100 nM 3-methyl-2H-furo [2, 3-c] pyran-2-one (karrikin 1 or KAR 1 ) and by 10-1000 µM gibberellic acid (GA 3 ). GA 3 stimulated seed germination of Santalum album and significantly elongated the radicles of A. debilis while SW could not. The functions and/or metabolic pathways of Kar 1 and GA 3 are likely to be separate and/or distinct.

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Prior hydration of Brassica tournefortii seeds reduces the stimulatory effect of karrikinolide on germination and increases seed sensitivity to abscisic acid

Abstract: Seed water content and history of imbibition were found to significantly influence whether seeds germinate in response to KAR(1). To optimize the germination response of seeds, KAR(1) should be applied to dry seeds, when sensitivity to ABA is minimized.

Cited by 39 publications

References 36 publications

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Plant derived smoke stimulation for seed germination and enhancement of crop growth: A review

Specialisation within the DWARF14 protein family confers distinct responses to karrikins and strigolactones in Arabidopsis

Effects of smoke water and karrikin on seed germination of 13 species growing in China

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