Pristine and Magnetic Kenaf Fiber Biochar for Cd2+ Adsorption from Aqueous Solution

Abstract

Development of strategies for removing heavy metals from aquatic environments is in high demand. Cadmium is one of the most dangerous metals in the environment, even under extremely low quantities. In this study, kenaf and magnetic biochar composite were prepared for the adsorption of Cd2+. The synthesized biochar was characterized using (a vibrating-sample magnetometer VSM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption batch study was carried out to investigate the influence of pH, kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamics on Cd2+ adsorption. The characterization results demonstrated that the biochar contained iron particles that help in improving the textural properties (i.e., surface area and pore volume), increasing the number of oxygen-containing groups, and forming inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups. The adsorption study results show that optimum adsorption was achieved under pH 5–6. An increase in initial ion concentration and solution temperature resulted in increased adsorption capacity. Surface modification of biochar using iron oxide for imposing magnetic property allowed for easy separation by external magnet and regeneration. The magnetic biochar composite also showed a higher affinity to Cd2+ than the pristine biochar. The adsorption data fit well with the pseudo-second-order and the Langmuir isotherm, with the maximum adsorption capacity of 47.90 mg/g.

An Insight into a Sustainable Removal of Bisphenol A from Aqueous Solution by Novel Palm Kernel Shell Magnetically Induced Biochar: Synthesis, Characterization, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

“…The elevated rate constants of the PSO model for BPA can be attributed to rapid interaction with the active adsorption sites of MBC. This finding agrees with previous studies on the BPA adsorption on the following adsorbents: algal BC [48], magnetic CuZnFe2O4-BC composite [125], modified organo-montmorillonites [126].…”

Toxic Effects of Xenobiotic Compounds on the Microbial Community of Activated Sludge

“…such mono-or polysaccharides, esters, and methyl esters with one or more phenolic groups. They possess acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine-disrupting effects [43].…”

“…They have at least one hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic ring, but they can also be polymerized compounds with functional groups such mono‐ or polysaccharides, esters, and methyl esters with one or more phenolic groups. They possess acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and endocrine‐disrupting effects 43.…”

Development of Kenaf Biochar in Engineering and Agricultural Applications

“…In another work from Saeed et al [ 61 ], the adsorption study on cadmium materials had resulted with optimum adsorption under pH 5–6. The textural characteristics of biochars, such as surface area and pore volume, were improved by increasing the amount of oxygen-containing groups and creating inner-sphere complexes with oxygen-containing groups.…”