Pristine and modified chitosan as solid catalysts for catalysis and biodiesel production: A minireview

Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi; Jacob, Manju; Vignesh, Nagamalai Sakthi; Varalakshmi, Perumal

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.216

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis plays an important role in industrially important organic transformations that produce some significant chemicals used in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries [299]. While homogeneous catalysts offer many advantages like high reaction rates, easy accessibility of active sites, and minimal diffusion barriers, separation from the reaction mixture is a tedious task, and, in some cases, it is a challenging process [300].…”

Section: Catalysis Opportunities: Supports For Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

et al. 2021

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Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.

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Section: Catalysis Opportunities: Supports For Heterogeneous Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

et al. 2021

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“…[60] Recently, chitosan was effectively employed in heterogeneous catalysis due to the abundant free amino groups that can be readily used for covalent attachment of guest molecules. [61][62][63] In this context, cellulase was covalently immobilized on chitosan coated porous biochar derived from the alkali activation and pyrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. GA was employed for the covalent bonding of the enzyme by the free NH 2 groups.…”

Section: Scheme 3 Hydrolysis Of Insoluble Cellulose With Cellulase Into Soluble Glucosementioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose

Cirujano

Dhakshinamoorthy

2021

ChemCatChem

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enzymes, via simple adsorption or covalent grafting. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review by comparing the catalytic performance of the enzymes supported over porous solids with respect to the bulk/free enzymes in terms of yields, stability and recycling, highlighting the benefits of the porous support for an optimal biocatalytic performance in the biodiesel production and cellulose valorization into glucose. The final section provides our views for further developments in this field.

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“…Chitosan (Cs), the product of natural polysaccharide chitin after the removal of acetyl group, has demonstrated various attractive advantages such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. It is widely applied in many fields such as food additives, environmental protection, cosmetics, antimicrobial agent, drug development, and other daily chemical industry ( Liu et al, 2015 ; Dhakshinamoorthy et al, 2021 ). Cs, as a weakly alkaline polysaccharide, is rich in -NH 2 and -OH functional groups and also shows strong modification potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Highly Effective Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis Through Esterification

et al. 2022

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Efficient valorization of renewable liquid biomass for biodiesel production using the desirable biomass-based catalysts is being deemed to be an environmentally friendly process. Herein, a highly active biomass-based solid acid catalyst (SiO2@Cs-SO3H) with renewable chitosan as raw material through sulfonation procedure under the relatively mild condition was successfully manufactured. The SiO2@Cs-SO3H catalyst was systematically characterized, especially with a large specific surface area (21.82 m2/g) and acidity (3.47 mmol/g). The catalytic activity of SiO2@Cs-SO3H was evaluated by esterification of oleic acid (OA) and methanol for biodiesel production. The best biodiesel yield was acquired by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized reaction conditions were temperature of 92°C, time of 4.1 h, catalyst dosage of 6.8 wt%, and methanol to OA molar ratio of 31.4, respectively. In this case, the optimal experimental biodiesel yield was found to be 98.2%, which was close to that of the predicted value of 98.4%, indicating the good reliability of RSM employed in this study. Furthermore, SiO2@Cs-SO3H also exhibited good reusability in terms of five consecutive recycles with 87.0% biodiesel yield. As such, SiO2@Cs-SO3H can be considered and used as a bio-based sustainable catalyst of high-efficiency for biodiesel production.

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Pristine and modified chitosan as solid catalysts for catalysis and biodiesel production: A minireview

Cited by 35 publications

References 147 publications

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation

Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose

A Highly Effective Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis Through Esterification

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