Privatizing farm worker justice: Regulating labor through voluntary certification and labeling

The Intersection of Planning, Urban Agriculture, and Food Justice: A Review of the Literature

“…This is of particular importance for food-insecure households and in food deserts (Algert, Baameur, & Renvall, 2014 ;McClintock & Simpson, 2017 ). A variety of research supports this claim by showing that urban agriculture practitioners save household money by supplementing some of their produce expenditures (K. H. Brown & Carter, 2003 ;Corrigan, 2011 ;Gray, Guzman, Glowa, & Drevno, 2013 ). In Seattle, families who participate in community gardening typically offset 30% to 40% of their fresh produce needs (Hagey, Rice, & Flournoy, 2012 ).…”

“…Communities of color, for example, have time and time again been excluded from food production and prevented from owning and managing their own land, though they are often exploited as farm laborers (S. Brown & Getz, 2008 ;Shreck, Getz, & Feenstra, 2006 ;Yen Liu & Apollon, 2011 ). People employed in the fast food industry, an important component of food distribution in the United States and Canada, typically experience low wages and poor working conditions (Allegretto et al, 2013 ;Jayaraman, 2013 ).…”

Rainforest Alliance Certification of Kenyan tea farms: a contribution to sustainability or tokenism?

“…Traditional instruments of environmental protection such as command and control regulation, and taxes on pollution have been relied on to manage natural resources (Arora & Cason, 1996;Brown & Getz, 2007). These are now being complemented with voluntary environmental standard initiatives (Darnall et al, 2008).…”

Toward Alternative Food Systems Development: Exploring Limitations and Research Opportunities

“…In North America, much alternative agricultural production depends on migrant labor, particularly where crops are labor-intensive to plant or harvest, including southern Ontario (Barndt, 2008) and California (Brown & Getz, 2008). Underpaid, temporary farm internship programs are also a vital source of labor for many farms in Ontario (Knezvic, Landman, Blay-Palmer, & Nelson, 2013).…”