Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection. A Systematic Review

Vos, Antonie; Idris, Nikmah Salamia; Barth, Roos E.; Klipstein‐Grobusch, Kerstin; Grobbee, Diederick E.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147484

Cited by 95 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…CRP, IL-6 and s-VCAM-1 were also the most frequently assessed markers in relation to CIMT, and the lack of a clear relation between any of these immune markers and surrogate CVD outcomes that is currently found is in line with the findings in relation to CIMT. [7]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results addressing the relation of markers of immune activation, CVD and CIMT were published in January 2016. [7] http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014010516)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search strategy was an update of the search described in the PROSPERO protocol and published previously. [7]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4–6] Research in this area has intensified and several studies have addressed the role of immune activation in the occurrence of CVD in HIV infected individuals, identifying a likely association between CRP, IL-6, d-dimer and clinical CVD. [7]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent summary of the current body of evidence regarding potential associations between markers of immune activation and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) could not draw a clear conclusion due to the heterogeneity in data. [7] This systematic review therefore investigates the relation between markers of immune activation and further surrogate markers of CVD like coronary artery calcium score, flow mediated dilation and pulse wave velocity in HIV infected individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundHIV infection is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Chronic low-grade immune activation is likely one of the driving mechanisms. This systematic review provides an overview of the evidence addressing the relation between immune markers and surrogate markers of CVD (except CIMT) in HIV infection.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library identifying all articles from 1996 to April 2015. It addressed the relation between immune markers and surrogate markers of CVD (except Carotid Intima-media Thickness) in HIV-positive adults. Two authors, using predefined criteria, independently conducted the selection of articles, critical appraisal and extraction of the data. Analysis focused on immune markers that were assessed most frequently. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guideline and performed as part of an overarching review registered with PROSPERO (CRD42014010516).FindingsTwenty-nine articles were selected, describing 34 immune markers and nine different CVD surrogate outcomes: coronary calcium score (13 times) and flow-mediated dilation (10 times) were used most frequently. Twenty-seven studies had a cross-sectional design. CRP, IL-6 and sVCAM-1 were assessed most frequently. None of the immune markers were clearly associated with any of the surrogate CVD outcomes. No effect estimate could be calculated due to marked heterogeneity in study populations, immune markers, outcomes and statistical approaches.InterpretationThis review could not identify a clear association between any of the immune markers and surrogate CVD outcomes. This may reflect a true lack of association, or may be explained by heterogeneity across studies and lack of follow-up data. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies measuring a select set of immune markers and surrogate CVD outcomes awaiting the primary outcome of clinical cardiovascular events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results addressing the relation of markers of immune activation, CVD and CIMT were published in January 2016. [7] http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42014010516)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search strategy was an update of the search described in the PROSPERO protocol and published previously. [7]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review

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Engineered Biomaterials for Enhanced Function of Insulin‐Secreting β‐Cell Organoids

Hunckler

Garcı́a

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Insulin-secreting β-cell organoids comprise many types of cells, including primary islets, pseudoislets, immortalized cell lines, and stem cell-derived aggregates. Successful maintenance and long-term culture of these β-cell organoids are critical for many translational applications, such as patient-specific disease modeling, drug screening, understanding β-cell physiology, and cell-based therapies to treat diabetes. Due to the mechanical and chemical insult to islets during isolation, islet viability and function are decreased. Partial restoration of the islet microenvironment through engineered biomaterials can improve islet survival and function in in vitro culture and in vivo transplantation. Natural and synthetic biomaterials can be engineered to improve the function of β-cell organoids and promote maturation of stem cell-derived β-cell organoids. Improved function and maturation of β-cell organoids will likely lead to improved transplant outcomes, but will also enable better models for physiology, disease modeling, and toxicology studies for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The goal of this review is to highlight the diverse array of biomaterials used to enhance the in vitro and in vivo function and maturation of β-cell organoids.

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Integrating HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis and harm reduction among men who have sex with men and transgender women to address intersecting harms associated with stimulant use: a modelling study

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW), stimulant use is high and has been associated with an increased risk of HIV infection, suicide and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We used epidemic modelling to investigate these intersecting health harms among MSM/TW in Lima, Peru and assess whether they could be mitigated by prioritizing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and harm reduction interventions among MSM/TW who use stimulants. Methods: We adapted a dynamic model of HIV transmission among MSM/TW in Lima to incorporate stimulant use and increased HIV risk, suicide and CVD mortality. Among 6% to 24% of MSM/TW using stimulants (mostly cocaine), we modelled an increased risk of unprotected anal sex (RR = 1.35 [95%CI: 1.17 to 1.57]) obtained from local data, and increased risk of suicide (SMR = 6.26 [95%CI: 2.84 to 13.80]) and CVD (SMR = 1.83 [95%CI: 0.39 to 8.57]) mortality associated with cocaine use based on a global systematic review. We estimated the proportion of health harms occurring among MSM/TW who use stimulants in the next year (01-2020/01-2021). We also investigated the 10-year impact (01-2020/01-2030) of: (1) PrEP prioritization for stimulant-using MSM/TW compared to random allocation, and (2) integrating PrEP with a theoretical intervention halving stimulant-associated risk. Results: MSM/TW in Lima will experience high HIV incidence, suicide mortality and CVD mortality (1.6/100 py, and 0.018/ 100 py, 0.13/100 py respectively) in 2020. Despite stimulant using MSM/TW comprising an estimated 9.5% (95%CI: 7.8 to 11.5) of all MSM/TW, in the next year, 11% (95%CI (i.e. 2.5% to 97.5% percentile): 10% to 13%) of new HIV infections, 39% (95%CI: 18% to 60%) of suicides and 15% (95%CI: 3% to 44%) of CVD deaths could occur among this group. Scaling up PrEP among all stimulant using MSM/TW could prevent 19% (95%CI: 11% to 31%) more HIV infections over 10 years compared to random allocation. Integrating PrEP and an intervention to halve stimulant-associated risks could reduce new HIV infections by 20% (95%CI: 10% to 37%), suicide deaths by 14% (95%CI: 5% to 27%) and CVD deaths by 3% (95%CI: 0% to 16%) over a decade. Conclusions: MSM/TW who use stimulants experience a disproportionate burden of health harms. Prioritizing PrEP based on stimulant use, in addition to sexual behaviour/gender identity criteria, could increase its impact. Integrated substance use, harm reduction, mental health and HIV care among MSM/TW is needed.

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Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Infection. A Systematic Review

Cited by 95 publications

References 68 publications

Association between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review

Association between Immune Markers and Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Disease in HIV Positive Patients: A Systematic Review

Engineered Biomaterials for Enhanced Function of Insulin‐Secreting β‐Cell Organoids

Integrating HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis and harm reduction among men who have sex with men and transgender women to address intersecting harms associated with stimulant use: a modelling study

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