Pro‐Poor Tourism as a Strategy to Fight Rural Poverty: A Critique

Gascón, Jordi

doi:10.1111/joac.12087

Cited by 55 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Consequently, various issues have emerged during the development of tourism in the community: (1) the imbalance of income among the residents [7,21,22]; (2) even if tourism has increased incomes, it has failed to actually improve community livelihoods [23]; and (3) the income increase is only temporary, without long-term sustainability [24]. These problems have led some residents to participate in the tourism industry only half-heartedly [25], and in some cases, the development of tourism has caused social conflicts [22,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Livelihood assets have a significant impact on the livelihood options and income of tourism communities. The level of tourism development and the type of natural tourism communities often exhibit spatial differences. By using the method of sustainable livelihood and examining the main factors that affect community income from the perspective of spatial heterogeneity, it is possible to identify the livelihood assets that play the most critical role in the development of sustainable livelihoods and income generation in the community, which helps provide more reasonable advice on tourism destination management. In this article, we conducted a case study on 16 communities in and around Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China, and divided the communities into three types, i.e., core attraction areas, service support areas, and secondary service support areas, according to the geographical and spatial characteristics, tourism development level, and livelihood type. The participatory assessment method was adopted to obtain in-depth interviews and questionnaire data from 256 rural households, which was utilized to construct four multivariate regression models to investigate the effect of livelihood assets on community income and the spatial difference of the factors that affect community income. The results showed that (1) livelihood assets exert a significant impact on community income in tourist areas, with a remarkable spatial difference; (2) the types of livelihoods and the effective utilization of livelihood assets have a significant impact on farmers' incomes; (3) the type and amount of livelihood assets have a certain impact on the choice of livelihood; and (4) a farmer's livelihood type determines the utilization method and the effective utilization of livelihood assets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities

Zhang

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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“…Ultimately, the main goal of studying poverty—how to define it, how to measure it, what its dimensions are—is to understand how to fight it. The main focus of the studies included in this topic is the type of policies or instruments that should be used to fight poverty, considered in general (Vykopalová, 2016) or in one of its dimensions (Gascón, 2015), or to prevent poverty (Kim, 2018). They also discuss the adequacy of implementing such policies locally or at the country level (Blank, 2005), as well as the effectiveness of the policies that have already been implemented (Cashin, Mauro, & Sahay, 2001).…”

Section: Main Research Topics On Poverty: a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Focus on Poverty in the Most Influential Journals in Economics: A Bibliometric Analysis of the “Blue Ribbon” Journals

Cardoso

Teixeira

2020

Poverty & Public Policy

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Scientific publications tend to influence policymakers significantly. Despite the scientific and social importance of poverty today, the attention the top economic journals (American Economic Review; Econometrica; International Economic Review; Journal of Economic Theory; Journal of Political Economy; Quarterly Journal of Economics; Review of Economic Studies) pay to the matter is not clear, particularly in the so‐called “Blue Ribbon” journals (and Review of Economics and Statistics). On the basis of bibliometric techniques, we analyzed all 27,322 articles published in the “Blue Ribbon” journals from 1970 to 2018. This is the first study on the scientific attention paid to poverty by the most influential journals in the field of economics. Two main findings can be highlighted: (i) the scientific attention paid to poverty in the Blue Ribbon journals is relatively meager, but it has observed a positive trend, increasing from a modest 0.36 percent of the total articles published in the 1970s to 1.92 percent of total publications in the 2010s; and (ii) the relative weight of specific poverty subtopics has significantly changed over the last 50 years, shifting from a focus on defining and measuring poverty in the earlier decades to policy‐related issues in the most recent period (2000 onward).

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“…Considerando que los impactos de las IDSTs pueden ser medidos a niveles diversos (individual, por hogar, por comunidad, por región, etc.) y en múltiples dimensiones: económicas, medioambientales, sociales, culturales, políticos, etc., para evaluar una intervención es indispensable un enfoque metodológico que ayude a evidenciar los mecanismos detonados dentro de contextos específicos y que llevan a ciertos resultados de una intervención específica, para poder establecer más claramente el nexo entre una IDST y el cambio esperado (o no) en el grupo social que se ha querido beneficiar (Chok, Macbeth and Warren, 2007a;Gascón, 2015). En este sentido, los enfoques evaluativos que predominan carecen de herramientas para abrir la mencionada caja negra de las intervenciones y por tanto no generan información acerca de los mecanismos que se detonan al aplicar una intervención en un contexto específico (Chen, 2005;Astbury and Leeuw, 2010).…”

Section: Retos Y Enfoques En El Diseño Aplicación Y Evaluación De Launclassified

Evaluación de intervenciones sociales basadas en el turismo usando el enfoque metodológico de la Evaluación Realista

Brito

2018

pasos

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Resumen: El crecimiento y expansión del turismo a nivel mundial ha hecho de la actividad un elemento relevante para las economías de países en desarrollo que cuentan con importante patrimonio cultural y natural, ya que constituyen activos turísticos valiosos. La combinación de estos elementos llevó a la incorporación del turismo a la agenda internacional como herramienta para el desarrollo y el combate a la pobreza. En consecuencia, particularmente desde principios de los años 2000 se ha incrementado la aplicación de intervenciones sociales basadas en el turismo con el propósito de generar desarrollo sostenible en comunidades marginadas a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la relación entre abatimiento de la pobreza y turismo todavía no se ha establecido de manera clara, y la información disponible indica un elevado índice de fracaso en estos proyectos. Hasta ahora por un lado, el análisis académico de estos proyectos está generalmente basado en conceptos como turismo pro-pobre y turismo basado en comunidades, y por tanto, se ha enfocado al desempeño de los proyectos turísticos y al beneficio indirecto y relativo a las comunidades receptoras, y por otro, las pocas evaluaciones de estas intervenciones son extremadamente escasas, de difícil acceso y no buscan explicar los mecanismos que detonan en los contextos en los que son aplicadas, sus procesos operativos o los impactos que generan. Para llenar este vacío se propone la evaluación realista de una intervención para el desarrollo sostenible basada en el turismo (IDST) para generar un panorama integral de la misma. Este enfoque metodológico ha sido desarrollado para vincular las teorías que tienen los grupos involucrados con los contextos en los que las intervenciones son llevadas a cabo y evidenciar los mecanismos detonados que generan los resultados de la intervención. Este artículo presenta el caso de la Estación de Campo 'Modelo' en Sta. Cruz Tepetotutla, en la región indígena Chinanteca, en Oaxaca, México, proporciona al lector una primera visión de la Evaluación Realista y propone un marco conceptual como guía para la aplicación de este enfoque metodológico en la evaluación de intervenciones sociales para el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades beneficiadas/receptoras de turismo. Palabras Clave: Alivio de la pobreza; Turismo como intervención social; Intervenciones sociales para el desarrollo sostenible basadas en el turismo (IDSTs); Evaluación Realista de intervenciones sociales; evaluación basada en la teoría; Teoría del cambio. Evaluation of social interventions based on tourism using the methodological approach of Realistic Assessment

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Pro‐Poor Tourism as a Strategy to Fight Rural Poverty: A Critique

Cited by 55 publications

References 54 publications

Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities

Study on Livelihood Assets-Based Spatial Differentiation of the Income of Natural Tourism Communities

The Focus on Poverty in the Most Influential Journals in Economics: A Bibliometric Analysis of the “Blue Ribbon” Journals

Evaluación de intervenciones sociales basadas en el turismo usando el enfoque metodológico de la Evaluación Realista

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