“…It predicts hypotension 15 min in advance and is faster than cardiac output, stroke volume, MAP, pulse pressure, heart rate, stroke volume variation, and the shock index [ 8 ]. The benefit of the HPI in major cardiac, thoracic, and vascular surgery has been demonstrated, where maintaining intraoperative haemodynamic stability is important [ 28 ]. Despite its initial purpose, we utilised the HPI to intentionally induce intraoperative hypotension, not to prevent hypotension.…”