Proactive and blended approach for COVID-19 control in Taiwan

Cheng, Hao; Huang, Aiping

doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.100

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…9 To prevent the health care system from being overwhelmed, Taiwan implemented a "containment-as-mitigation," or elimination, strategy. 6,10,11 This approach included border control, casebased interventions for COVID-19 patients, and population-based measures for the general public. [9][10][11][12] Border control was an essential tool to buy time for better preparation and limit the number of imported cases from other countries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2021

JAMA Intern Med

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IMPORTANCE Taiwan is one of the few countries with initial success in COVID-19 control without strict lockdown or school closure. The reasons remain to be fully elucidated.OBJECTIVE To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of case-based (including contact tracing and quarantine) and population-based (including social distancing and facial masking) interventions for COVID-19 in Taiwan. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis comparative effectiveness study used a stochastic branching process model using COVID-19 epidemic data from Taiwan, an island nation of 23.6 million people, with no locally acquired cases of COVID-19 reported for 253 days between April and December 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESEffective reproduction number of COVID-19 cases (the number of secondary cases generated by 1 primary case) and the probability of outbreak extinction (0 new cases within 20 generations). For model development and calibration, an estimation of the incubation period (interval from exposure to symptom onset), serial interval (time between symptom onset in an infector-infectee pair), and the statistical distribution of the number of any subsequent infections generated by 1 primary case was calculated. RESULTSThis study analyzed data from 158 confirmed COVID-19 cases (median age, 45 years; interquartile range, 25-55 years; 84 men [53%]). An estimated 55% (95% credible interval [CrI], 41%-68%) of transmission events occurred during the presymptomatic stage. In our estimated analysis, case detection, contact tracing, and 14-day quarantine of close contacts (regardless of symptoms) was estimated to decrease the reproduction number from the counterfactual value of 2.50 to 1.53 (95% CrI, 1.50-1.57), which would not be sufficient for epidemic control, which requires a value of less than 1. In our estimated analysis, voluntary population-based interventions, if used alone, were estimated to have reduced the reproduction number to 1.30 (95% CrI, 1.03-1.58). Combined case-based and population-based interventions were estimated to reduce the reproduction number to below unity (0.85; 95% CrI, 0.78-0.89). Results were similar for additional analyses with influenza data and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this comparative effectiveness research study, the combination of case-based and population-based interventions (with wide adherence) may explain the success of COVID-19 control in Taiwan in 2020. Either category of interventions alone would have been insufficient, even in a country with an effective public health system and comprehensive contact tracing program. Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic requires the collaborative effort of public health professionals and the general public.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2021

JAMA Intern Med

Self Cite

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“…It was pointed out that the pattern of R0 of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic period and the pattern of R0 influenza during influenza is more or less similar in respect to clinical severity and clinical characteristics [72]. Some Asian countries, such as Taiwan, tried to develop vaccination plans based on their previous preparedness strategies during the influenza pandemic [9]. Farrington has developed a model for R0 and the vaccine efficacy.…”

Section: Basic Reproduction Number (R0) and Covid-19 Vaccination Campaignsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some success stories in controlling the spread of the disease are from small Asian countries such as Taiwan, Vietnam, and South Korea [7]. One of the best examples of the COVID-19 control model is from Taiwan, where only 600 cases and seven deaths were reported in 2020 among a total population of 24 million [7][8][9][10][11]. Other than Asia, a high number of infected patients were recorded in the USA and different countries in Europe [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian-Origin Approved COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Status of COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Asia: A Critical Analysis

et al. 2021

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COVID-19 vaccination has started throughout the globe. The vaccination program has also begun in most Asian countries. This paper analyzed the Asian-origin COVID-19 vaccines and vaccination program status in Asia till March 2021 under three sections. In the first section, we mapped the approved vaccines that originated from Asia, their technological platforms, collaborations during vaccine development, and regulatory approval from other countries. We found that a total of eight Asian COVID-19 vaccines originated and got approval from three countries: China, India, and Russia. In the second section, we critically evaluated the recent progress of COVID-19 vaccination programs. We analyzed the overall vaccination status across the Asian region. We also calculated the cumulative COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in different Asian countries, vaccine rolling in 7-day average in various Asian countries, and COVID-19 vaccine per day doses administrated in several Asian countries. We found that China and India vaccinated the maximum number of people. Finally, we evaluated the factors affecting the COVID-19 vaccination program in Asia, such as vaccine hesitancy, basic reproduction numbers (R0) and vaccination campaigns, and the cost of the vaccines. Our analysis will assist the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program successfully in Asia.

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“…Furthermore, the public closeup on the initiative and the population-based intervention in terms of social distancing and wearing masks were part of the culture due to the experience of first SARS outbreak. Generally, the Taiwanese authorities were proactive, and lockdown, school closures, and restaurants were not a part of the strategy [30].…”

Section: Managing the Covid-19 In The Healthcare Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status: nosocomial transmission and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Danish context

Calum

Sode

Pedersen

2021

APMIS

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The unexpected pandemic with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has challenged the health care sector as regards preventing and controlling the virus from spreading between patients and hospital personnel. The massive spread of the pandemic has led State authorities to introduce restrictions on society and public behavior unprecedented in modern times. First, we describe the Danish effort regarding standard precautions, personal protective equipment, and disinfection in the health care setting with Denmark as an example. As regards number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) related hospital submissions, deaths, and infected health care workers Denmark is not the hardest hit country compared to others. This cannot be explained by hardness of the restrictions alone. Several aspects concerning the person‐to‐person spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 are not fully understood and require more experimental studies. The dogma is that virus transmission happens through either respiratory droplets or contact routes. However, it is likely not the whole truth, as we describe scenarios where droplets and/or direct contact cannot alone explain how all patients were infected. Aspects of the physiology of airborne transmission is considered, as several parameters are in play beyond particle size and respiratory rate. These are ozone concentration, ambient temperature, and humidity. In a hospital environment these factors are not necessarily all controllable, making infection prevention and control a challenge.

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Proactive and blended approach for COVID-19 control in Taiwan

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan

Comparison of Estimated Effectiveness of Case-Based and Population-Based Interventions on COVID-19 Containment in Taiwan

Asian-Origin Approved COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Status of COVID-19 Vaccination Program in Asia: A Critical Analysis

Status: nosocomial transmission and prevention of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Danish context

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