Probabilistic speed–density relationship for pedestrian traffic

Nikolić, Marija; Bierlaire, Michel; Farooq, Bilal; Lapparent, Matthieu de

doi:10.1016/j.trb.2016.04.002

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In general, empirical density measurements show a high variability and lack of consistency. To mitigate this, other methods have been proposed based on space partition using Voronoi diagrams [Steffen and Seyfried 2010;Nikolic et al 2015;Nikolic et al 2016].…”

Section: Characterization Of Pedestrian Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Evaluation, and Scale on Artificial Pedestrians

et al. 2017

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Modeling pedestrian dynamics and their implementation in a computer are challenging and important issues in the knowledge areas of transportation and computer simulation. The aim of this paper is to provide a bibliographic outlook so that the reader could have a quick access to the most relevant works related with this problem. We have used three main axes to organise the paper contents: pedestrian models, validation techniques and multiscale approaches. The backbone of the paper is the classification of existing pedestrian models; we have organised the works in the literature under five categories, according to the techniques used for implementing the operational level in each pedestrian model. Then, the main existing validation methods, oriented to evaluate the behavioural quality of the simulation systems, are reviewed. Furthermore, we review the key issues that arise when facing multiscale pedestrian modeling, where we firstly focus on the behavioural scale (combinations of micro and macro pedestrian models) and secondly, on the scale size (from individuals to crowds). The paper begins introducing the main characteristics of walking dynamics and its analysis tools and concludes with a discussion about the contributions that different knowledge fields can do in a near future to this exciting area.

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Section: Characterization Of Pedestrian Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling, Evaluation, and Scale on Artificial Pedestrians

et al. 2017

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“…Empirical observations show that it is often problematic to relate a single speed to each density level in pedestrian flow. Nikolić et al (2016) consider probabilistic formulations of an isotropic density-speed relationship to relax this assumption. Depending on factors such as the local flow pattern, trip purpose, age and gender, different pedestrians may walk slowly or run fast under the same conditions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If there is no storage capacity at the area level, it holds N jam ξ → ∞, and thus G ℓ λ→λ ′ ,τ ≡ Y ℓ λ→λ ′ ,τ . This is the case for the large class of fundamental diagrams that do not define a jam density (see Nikolić et al, 2016, for an overview).…”

Section: Appendix a Numerical Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have tested several specifications of the isotropic reduction term R iso ξ , including those proposed by Tregenza (1976) and Weidmann (1992), as well as a linear specification (Older, 1968;Navin and Wheeler, 1969). This set of specifications is motivated by the findings of Nikolić et al (2016). An analysis based on the case studies discussed in Section 5 shows that the Drake-model performs best (Fonseca, 2015).…”

Section: Appendix B Stream-based Fundamental Diagramsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A dynamic network loading model for anisotropic and congested pedestrian flows

Hänseler

Lam

Bierlaire

et al. 2017

Transportation Research Part B: Methodological

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A macroscopic loading model for multi-directional, time-varying and congested pedestrian flows is proposed in this paper. Walkable space is represented by a network of streams that are each associated with an area in which they interact. To describe this interaction, a stream-based pedestrian fundamental diagram is used that relates density and walking speed in multi-directional flow. The proposed model is applied to two different case studies. The explicit modeling of anisotropy in walking speed is shown to significantly improve the ability of the model to reproduce empirically observed walking time distributions. Moreover, the obtained model parametrization is in excellent agreement with the literature.

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“…While the technical parameters of the system such as length, acceleration and width are fixed, the parameters associated with pedestrian movements such as walking speed vary among individuals as well as the resulting capacity on AMWs. This is due to the heterogeneity of pedestrians (Nikolic et al, 2016). For example, pedestrians have different walking speeds due to differences in age, gender, trip purpose, etc.…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Accelerating Moving Walkway Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Network design of a transport system based on accelerating moving walkways

Scarinci¹,

Markov²,

Bierlaire³

2017

Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies

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Pollution, congestion and urbanistic considerations are leading to a change in the use of private vehicles in dense city centers. More frequently, the last-mile is covered with systems such as public transport, car sharing and bike sharing as well as an increase in walking and cycling. Following this trend, we assume a hypothetical scenario where the use of private cars is strongly limited in dense urban areas, and innovative transport modes must be used. This work investigates a futuristic system based on a network of accelerating moving walkways (AMW) to facilitate the movement of pedestrians in city centers where cars have been banned. Unlike constant speed moving walkways, AMWs can reach speeds of up to 15km/h thanks to an acceleration section. This paper presents a rigorous description of the system characteristics from a transportation point of view, develops a heuristic algorithm for the network design problem, and tests it on a real case study. Given a network of urban roads and an origin-destination demand, the optimization algorithm, which combines traffic assignment and supply modification, explores the trade-off curve between the total travel time and capital cost of the infrastructure. The results give practical insight on the possible dimensioning of the system, show the optimal network designs, and how these vary with a reduction of the available budget. This paper investigates for the first time the use of AMWs at a network scale, and provides results useful for analyzing the system feasibility. The results on travel time, investment budget and payback period, indicates that AMWs could be an effective mode of transport in cities.

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Probabilistic speed–density relationship for pedestrian traffic

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Modeling, Evaluation, and Scale on Artificial Pedestrians

Modeling, Evaluation, and Scale on Artificial Pedestrians

A dynamic network loading model for anisotropic and congested pedestrian flows

Network design of a transport system based on accelerating moving walkways

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