Probable Identity of the Growth Promoting Factor for Butyribacterium Rettgeri With Other Biologically-Active Substances

Kline, Leo; Pine, Leo; Gunsalus, I. C.; Barker, H. A.

doi:10.1128/jb.64.4.467-472.1952

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…C02 was also required for growth on methanol, but formate could replace the C02 requirement in methanol medium. Lipoate was previously known to be required during growth of E. limosum on lactate, but not for growth on glucose (17). The present work shows that it was also necessary for growth on methanol and H2-C02.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species

Genthner¹,

Davis²,

Bryant³

1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

309

138

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Eubacterium limosum was isolated as the most numerous methanol-utilizing bacterium in the rumen fluid of sheep fed a diet in which molasses was a major component (mean most probable number of 6.3 x 108 viable cells per ml). It was also isolated from sewage sludge at 9.5 x 104 cells per ml. It was not detected in the rumen fluid of a steer on a normal hay-grain diet, although Methanosarcina, as expected, was found at 9.5 x 10i cells per ml. The doubling time of E. limosum in basal medium (5% rumen fluid) with methanol as the energy source (370C) was 7 h. Acetate, cysteine, carbon dioxide, and the vitamins biotin, calcium-D-pantothenate, and lipoic acid were required for growth on a chemically defined methanol medium. Acetate, butyrate, and caproate were produced from methanol. Ammonia or each of several amino acids served as the main nitrogen source. Other energy sources included adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, fructose, glucose, isoleucine, lactate, mannitol, ribose, valine, and H2-CO2. The doubling time for growth on H2-CO2 (5% rumen fluid, 370C) was 14 h as compared with 5.2 h for isoleucine and 3.5 h for glucose. The vitamin requirements for growth on H2-C02 were the same as those for methanol; however, acetate was not required for growth on H2-CO2, although it was necessary for growth on valine, isoleucine, and lactate and was stimulatory to growth on glucose. Acetate and butyrate were formed during growth on H2-CO2, whereas branched-chain fatty acids and ammonia were fermentation products from the amino acids. Heat tolerance was detected, but spores were not observed. The type strain of E. limosum (ATCC 8486) and strain L34, which was isolated from the rumen of a young calf, grew on methanol, H2-CO2, valine, and isoleucine and showed the same requirements for acetate as the freshly isolated strains.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species

Genthner¹,

Davis²,

Bryant³

1981

Appl Environ Microbiol

309

138

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“…3This factor is known to be replaceable by and may be identical with lipoic acid (Kline et al, 1952). 216 on September 21, 2020 by guest http://jb.asm.org/…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilization offormate. Manometric experiments (Pine, 1952) have shown that a glucose adapted strain of B. rettgeri is able to decompose formate with production of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Since the organism can metabolize the formate, the participation of formate in acetate synthesis was tested.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer Experiments on the Mechanism of Acetate Formation From Carbon Dioxide by Butyribacterium Rettgeri

Pine

Barker

1954

J Bacteriol

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Butyribacterium retgri ferments glucose or lactate with the formation of acetate, butyrate, and carbon dioxide as the main catabolic products. The low yield of carbon dioxide and the high yield of fatty acids in the fermentation of lactate initially suggested that part of the acetate is derived from carbon dioxide (Barker and Haas, 1944). This conclusion was confirmed by tracer experiments. When lactate was fermented in the presence of C"4-labeled carbon dioxide, the resulting acetate was found to be radioactive with a carboxyl to methyl C'4 ratio of 1.33 (Barker et al., 1945). Comparison of the specific activities of the carbon dioxide and acetate indicated that at least one-fourth of the acetate is derived from carbon dioxide. Whereas the net yield of carbon dioxide is close to 0.4'mole per mole of lactate decomposed, the total carbon dioxide formation was estimated by application of the isotope dilution principle to be at least 0.8 mole per mole of lactate. The difference between the quantity of carbon dioxide formed and that which accumulated represents the quantity used for acetate synthesis. Several schemes have been suggested to explain the incorporation of carbon dioxide into both the methyl and carboxyl groups of acetate by B. retteri and other organisms (

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“…Since the BR factor is probably identical with lipoic acid (Kline et al, 1952), our experiments throw some light on the role of this compound in the metabolism of B. rettgeri. Although lipoic acid functions as a cofactor in the oxidation of pyruvate by some bacteria (Gunsalus, 1953), it is apparently not required for either glucose or pyruvate decomposition in B. rettgeri.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…for growth on a partially synthetic medium containing lactate as the main energy source (Kline and Barker, 1950). The BR factor is replaceable by lipoic acid in the nutrition of B. rettgeri (Kline et al, 1952), and the known chemical properties of the two materials are very similar. Therefore, it is probable that the BR factor is identical with lipoic acid and some of its derivatives.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

METABOLIC ROLE OF THE BR FACTOR IN BUTYRIBACTERIUM RETTGERI

1963

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The BR factor, which is replaceable by lipoic acid, was shown to be required for the decomposition of lactate by Butyribacterium rettgeri. Since the factor was not required for the fermentation of pyruvate or glucose by this organism, the results indicate that BR factor is essential only for some reaction involved in the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, possibly the transport of electrons from lactate to the ultimate anaerobic electron-acceptor systems. The same products, namely, acetate, butyrate, and carbon dioxide, are formed from glucose or pyruvate in the presence or absence of BR factor and from lactate in the presence of the factor. Thus the factor is not required for the conversion of glucose or pyruvate to acetate, butyrate, or carbon dioxide. Although B. rettgeri does not require the BR factor for growth on glucose, growth of lactate-adapted cells on glucose is slow and is markedly stimulated by addition of the factor. Such cells growing on glucose do not show any ability to decompose lactate; consequently, an additional function of the BR factor, probably associated with the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, is indicated. Cells fully adapted to glucose grow rapidly on this substrate and do not respond to the factor. Lactate is formed during growth of glucose-adapted cells on glucose, although such cells cannot decompose lactate.

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Probable Identity of the Growth Promoting Factor for Butyribacterium Rettgeri With Other Biologically-Active Substances

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species

Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species

Tracer Experiments on the Mechanism of Acetate Formation From Carbon Dioxide by Butyribacterium Rettgeri

METABOLIC ROLE OF THE BR FACTOR IN BUTYRIBACTERIUM RETTGERI

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