Probing Surfactant Bilayer Interactions by Tracking Optically Trapped Single Nanoparticles

Abstract

Single‐particle tracking and optical tweezers are powerful techniques for studying diverse processes at the microscopic scale. The stochastic behavior of a microscopic particle contains information about its interaction with surrounding molecules, and an optical tweezer can further facilitate this observation with its ability to constrain the particle to an area of interest. Although these techniques found their initial applications in biology, they can also shed new light on microscopic interface phenomena by unveiling nanoscale morphologies and molecular‐level interactions in real time, which are obscured in traditional ensemble analysis. Here, the application of single‐particle tracking and optical tweezers are demonstrated for studying molecular interactions at solid–liquid interfaces. Specifically, the surfactant behaviors at the water–glass interface are investigated by tracing gold nanoparticles that are optically trapped on these molecules. The underlying mechanisms governing the particle motion, which can be explained by hydrophobic interactions, disruptions, and rearrangements among surfactant monomers at the interfaces, are discovered. These interpretations are further supported by statistical analysis of an individual trajectory and comparison with theoretical predictions. The findings provide new insights into the surfactant dynamics and also illustrate the promise of single‐particle tracking and optical manipulation for studying nanoscale physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces.

Trap-and-Track for Characterizing Surfactants at Interfaces

“…The laser beam was passed through a particle-containing fluidic chamber installed on a commercial optical microscope (IX71, Olympus), with which optically trapped particles were imaged. Details on the trapping and imaging setup can be found in our previous publications [ 25 , 26 ]. Time-lapse image data were recorded with a CMOS camera (CM3-U3-50S5C-CS, FLIR) at a frame rate of 300 frames per second.…”

“…Recently, we have demonstrated the utilization of optical tweezers for single-particle tracking to investigate surfactant behaviors at water-glass interfaces [ 25 , 26 ] ( Figure 1 ). We used gold nanoparticles as an optical probe and analyzed their trajectories on top of surfactant-covered glass surfaces.…”

“…Their lateral movements were also confined by the so-called gradient force of the focused laser beam, which pulls the particles toward the intensity maximum. This confinement enabled long-term and real-time observation of particle–surfactant interactions, which revealed an active rearrangement of spherical admicelles upon external stimulus (i.e., the presence of gold nanoparticle) [ 25 ] and the fusion of bilayer membranes occurring over tens of seconds [ 26 ]. However, since we only examined one type of surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, CTAC) in these studies, additional experiments with a different type of surfactant can strengthen the general applicability of optical tweezers for surfactant characterization.…”