Probing the energy conversion and storage process in two dimensional layered bismuthene-hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposite electrode and PVA-KOH-BaTiO3 piezoelectrolyte nanogenerators

An Integrated Approach for Piezo-Electrochemical Nanoenergy Generation, Storage, and Real-Time Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Control

“…As the OH – ions reach the interface of the electrode/piezoelectrolyte separator, they initiate an oxidation reaction with Fe 2 O 3 and generate the free electrons, which travel through the fitted circuit, while the K + ions move toward the anode and get adsorbed there. Thus, the distribution of K + ions governs the self-charging ability. − Once the dynamic loading is stopped, the potential is reduced as the ions gradually return to their original position and the system eventually becomes neutral. − …”

“…The Nernst equation can be used to express how the electrode and peizoelectrolyte control the self-charging process. − Before external compressive loading, the states of PPSC device can be represented as ψ = ψ O − RT F 0.25em ln [ n ( 1 − n ) ] − P n But, when the PPSC device is subjected to an external compressive loading, the alteration of states of PPSC device can be expressed as ψ = ψ O − RT F 0.25em ln [ n o ( 1 − n normalo ) ] − P normalo n normalo where ψ and ψ O represent the real electrode potential and standard electrode potential of the electrodes in the PPSC device. R is the gas constant, F is the Faraday constant, T is the temperature in kelvin, and n is the fraction of K + and OH – ions present at the inner and outer surfaces of both the electrodes.…”

“…When the PPSC device is subjected to an external load, the polarization in the piezoelectrolyte separator induces the potential difference at both electrodes that leads the K + and OH – ions to migrate in opposite directions (from an imaginary netural plane inside of the electrolyte) toward negative and positive electrodes. This ionic migration creates an ionic concentration gradient between both the electrodes and modifies the n value at both electrodes ( n o > n ), which results in the self-charging process in PPSC. − …”

Advances in boron nitride‐based materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion

“…Due to considerably high pseudo‐capacitance and mechanical stability, BN‐based materials have been recently explored as electrodes in lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs), 100 Zn−ion hybridized supercapacitors (ZHSCs), 100,101 and flexible micro‐supercapacitor for wearable energy storage devices 102 . Miao et al demonstrated that B‐C‐N electrode in the half cell showed the primary EDLCs and minor pseudo‐capacitance characteristic.…”

Recent advances in ecofriendly 2D monoelemental bismuthene as an emerging material for energy, catalysis and biomedical applications

“…Free standing bismuthene-graphene films in an Na-ion battery showed a reversible capacity of 317 mA h g À1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.2 mA cm À2 . 111 A multifunctional piezo-electrolyte-based nanogenerator was fabricated by Maheshwaran et al 112 using two-dimensional bismuthene-hexagonal boron nitride nanocomposite as the cathode, activated carbon as the anode and polyvinyl alcohol-potassium hydroxide-barium titanate as the piezo-electrolyte. Bismuthene was synthesized through the liquid-phase exfoliation method.…”