Probiotic fermentation augments the skin anti-photoaging properties of Agastache rugosa through up-regulating antioxidant components in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes

Abstract

BackgroundAgastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze (Korean mint) is used to treat diverse types of human disorders in traditional medicine. In recent years, its non-fermented leaf extract (ARE) has been shown to possess protective properties against ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation-induced photooxidative stress. The present work aimed to examine whether probiotic bacterial fermentation would potentiate the skin anti-photoaging activity of ARE or not, by comparing the protective properties of ARE and corresponding fermented extract (ARE-F) against UV-B radiation-induced photooxidative stress in HaCaT keratinocytes.MethodsARE-F was produced from ARE by the fermentation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus HK-9, a type of Gram-positive probiotic bacterial strain. Anti-photoaging activities were evaluated by analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS), promatrix metalloproteinases (proMMPs), total glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) in UV-B-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes. Antiradical activity was determined using 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay.ResultsARE-F contained higher attenuating activity on the UV-B-induced ROS generation than ARE. Similarly, ARE-F was able to diminish the UV-B-induced proMMP-9 and -2 more effectively than ARE. ARE-F displayed higher tendencies to augment the UV-B-reduced total GSH content and SOD activity than ARE. However, there were no significant difference between ARE and ARE-F in ABTS radical scavenging activities.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the UV-B radiation-protective activity of ARE is enhanced by probiotic bacterial fermentation, which might improve the therapeutic and cosmetic values of A. rugosa leaves.

Agastache rugosa alleviates the multi-hit effect on hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…The antioxidant effect of AR was dose-dependent and led to increased HO-1 protein and enzyme activity, and protected cells from H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity [27]. Such response also attenuated UVB-induced photoaging by upregulating anti-oxidant enzymes [28] and reducing the production of ROS [29]. Our results showed that compared with the HFD group, the levels of SOD and GSH in the liver of AR group were significantly increased, while the levels of MDA and ROS were significantly decreased in hepatocytes (Fig.…”

Agastache rugosa Kuntze Attenuates UVB-Induced Photoaging in Hairless Mice through the Regulation of MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-��/ Smad Pathways

“…There are three types of UV radiation as follows: UVA, UVB, and UVC. With regard to the generation of photoaging, UVB is important as it is not only absorbed into the epidermis and the upper part of dermis but also produces more damage to skin than UVA [4,15]. Although UVC is more harmful than UVB, it cannot reach on the surface of earth as it is absorbed by the ozone layer [3].…”

“…The architecture of the ECM, conferring elasticity, hydration, and resilience, is closely linked with the features of skin aging. UV, which reaches the surface of the skin and, subsequently, penetrates into the skin, is a harmful damaging external factor causing extrinsic aging or photoaging [4]. Continuous and long-term exposure to UV disrupts the structure of ECM by degrading collagens, remodeling elastic fibers, and aggregating irregular GAG, which in turn, contributes to histological and phenotypic changes consistent with aging including deep wrinkle, skin dehydration, skin thickening, and marked loss of elasticity [2].…”

“…A. rugosa has been revealed to possess various biological and pharmacological properties including antioxidation [9], anti-inflammation [10], and anti-atherosclerosis [11]. Particularly, previous studies have reported that A. rugosa alleviated photoaging in UVB-irradiated human keratinocytes with regard to its anti-oxidant effect [1,4]. However, in the view of collagen turnover, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the photoprotective effect of A. rugosa on skin have not yet been investigated.…”

Compact UV LED Lamp with Low Heat Emissions for Biological Research Applications

“…In the past, researchers have used a wide variety of solutions for UV illumination, ranging from home solarium lamps to state-of-the-art solar simulators. By far the most common source of UV light is a lamp with one or more fluorescent tubes [10][11][12][13][14], ranging from simple hand-held lamps [14] or home solariums [10] to UV-crosslinkers [12] and therapeutic illuminators designed for medical use [13]. The second most common type of UV light sources for medical research are solar simulators [15][16][17], which usually employ a high-power Xenon arc lamp with an optical output spectrum very similar to that of natural sunlight.…”