Probiotics in Dentistry ? A Review

Malathi, L.; Jayasrikrupaa, Jayasrikrupaa; Balachander, N.; Rani, Vidya; Anbazhagan, V.; Masthan, K. M. K.

doi:10.13005/bbra/1253

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, the use of probiotics has been explored to aid in the treatment of periodontal problems, halitosis, and caries prevention. [ 2 8 ] The most commonly used strains belong to the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera that are commonly found in the oral cavity, including caries lesions. [ 9 10 ] These were the first probiotic species to be introduced into research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the role of probiotics in endodontic treatment: A preliminary study

Bohora¹,

Kokate²

2017

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Aims and Objectives:The principal goal of endodontics is the prevention of periapical infection. Acute and chronic apical periodontitis occur due to the persistence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans harboring the root canal systems of the teeth. The concept of the use of probiotics in addressing endodontic disease is new and has not been studied adequately. On the basis of the success of probiotics in periodontal treatment, this preliminary work was performed (a) to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of probiotics against common endodontic pathogens, i.e. E. faecalis and C. albicans, and (b) to evaluate the potential use of probiotic therapy as an additive in endodontic treatment procedures.Materials and Methods:Two commercial probiotics were selected and evaluated based upon the numbers and concentration of organisms. Pathogenic test organisms were C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and E. faecalis (ATCC 29212). Phase 1 of the study was conducted by agar cup method test to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the selected probiotics against E. faecalis and C. albicans by measuring zones of inhibition (ZOI) in mm. Microorganisms from probiotic samples were isolated following manufacturer's instructions. Pathogenic organisms were set to a 0.1 McFarland standard challenge. Circular wells of 8 mm diameter were punched in each of the poured plates. Appropriately diluted test samples were added to the above-punched wells. The volume of the solution added to each well was 100 μl. The plates were incubated in an upright position at 37°C for 24 hours under aerobic conditions. Post incubation, ZOI was measured (mm). Phase 2 was conducted by mixing 9 ml of 30% poloxamer 407 and de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth in a test tube with 500 μl of either E. faecalis or C. albicans set at an optical density (OD) of 0.252, together with 500 μl of test probiotic strain, set at a respective OD. Samples were then incubated at 37°C for 48 hours, followed by serial dilutions by 1 ml till 108. This was done to calculate colony forming units (CFU)/ml counts. Controls used were endodontic pathogens in 30% poloxamer with MRS broth without any probiotic group.Results:Probiotic groups showed inhibitory activity against E. faecalis by the agar cup method, whereas there was no effect on C. albicans. In the biofilm stage, both the test groups had an antibacterial effect on pathogenic organisms.Conclusion:This study suggests that probiotic organisms of the species Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are effective for preventing the growth of E. faecalis and C. albicans in vitro. Because probiotics are available in varied compositions and concentrations, further evaluation for their role in treating endodontic infection is suggested and warranted. In addition, the study suggested that poloxamer 407 could be utilized as an ideal delivery vehicle for probiotics for use as a potential endodontic intracanal medicament.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the role of probiotics in endodontic treatment: A preliminary study

Bohora¹,

Kokate²

2017

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…Specifically, the use of probiotics has been explored to aid in the treatment of periodontal problems, halitosis, and caries prevention. 2,4 The literature suggests that most commonly used strains are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera, commonly found in the oral cavity, including caries lesions. 5 These were the first probiotic species to be introduced into research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis

Bohora¹,

Kokate²

2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Introduction:The main goal of endodontics is the prevention of apical periodontitis. This is due to the presence of persistent pathogenic microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecalis, and its ability to directly cause acute and chronic inflammation in the periapical tissues. Lactobacillus has been shown to promote health in the intestines as well as to inhibit the growth of certain problematic oral bacteria. This study explores shifting the established paradigm of endodontic treatment, which has focused on eliminating all bacteria from the canal system and on elimination of the problematic bacteria through introducing probiotics. A preliminary work was performed to evaluate the possible effectiveness of probiotics in preventing the growth of E. faecalis. Materials and methods:Two probiotic cultures Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7408 were selected to check their antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 by two methods: agar cup/well diffusion method and deferred antagonism test. Agar cup method:A total of 0.5 mL of requisite test pathogen culture was inoculated into 20 mL of molten sterile Mueller and Hinton agar and cooled to 45 ± 2°C. Circular wells of diameter 10 mm were punched in each of the poured plates. Appropriately diluted test samples were added to the above-punched wells. The plates were incubated upright position at 37°C for 24 hours in aerobic conditions. Postincubation, zone of inhibition was measured. The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus species was also evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Deferred antagonism test:The test probiotic strain was standardized to 0.1 optical density (OD) at 600 nm and inoculated in a 1 cm wide diametric streak across the surface of trypticase soy agar + yeast extract + calcium carbonate (TSYCa) agar using a sterile cotton swab. Then, the plate agar containing the test strain was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours under aerophilic condition and then standardized to 0.1 OD at 600 nm for overnight (18 hours, 37°C). A purified culture of indicator strain (pathogen) was streaked at right angles to the line of original producer growth. Postincubation plates were observed for the inhibition zone width of the indicator strain. Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalisResults: Under the conditions of this study, Lactobacilli had an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. faecalis by agar cup method but not by deferred antagonism test. Conclusion:This pilot study demonstrated that probiotics show a potential in root canal therapy.Clinical Significance: If probioitcs are effective against endodontic pathogens, they can be potentially used as intracanal medicaments. This will be a novel concept of introducing bacteriotherapy in endodontics and replacing pathogenic bacteria by healthy bacteria, normal flora.

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“…Twenty-one records were screened for title and abstract content; of which 10 [24-33] were excluded. Of the excluded studies, 1 study was a mini-review that discussed the potential of synbiotics for oral candida infections [24], 8 studies were on prebiotics/probiotics (alone or both discussed as an individual intervention) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], and another study explored the polymicrobial interactions in pathogenicity [33]. Full-text of 11 articles were reviewed for eligibility assessment and eventually 7 [34][35][36][37][38][39][40] were included in the review based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria.…”

Section: Evidence Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synbiotics in caries prevention: A scoping review

Bijle

Ekambaram

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The scoping review aimed to examine the evidence on the role of synbiotics in caries prevention. PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases search were performed. Any in vitro study, clinical trial, systematic review with/without meta-analysis, umbrella review/ meta-evaluation, narrative review addressing the role of synbiotics in caries prevention were included in the scoping review. Data were extracted from the included studies using pre-approved registered protocol. Twenty-eight records were identified, of which 5 in vitro studies, 1 quasi-experimental clinical trial and 1 narrative review were included in the present review. No controlled clinical trials or systematic reviews on the role of synbiotics in caries prevention could be identified. Except 1, all in vitro studies examined the combined effect of saccharides and lactobacilli spp. as potential synbiotics on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. However, the proposed synbiotics in 4 in vitro studies either did not qualify or remained ambiguous of its eligibility as a potential synbiotic for caries prevention. One recent in vitro study explored the possibility of L-arginine and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG synbiotic for caries prevention. The quasi-experimental clinical study without a control arm did not explicitly mention the intervention composition and thus, its synbiotic potential remains unclear. A narrative review highlighted the potential of combining arginine (prebiotic) with arginolytic bacteria (probiotic) as a synbiotic, which appears promising for caries prevention. The eligibility of the proposed synbiotics as a true synbiotic needs to be carefully addressed. Due to a lack of controlled clinical studies on synbiotics for caries prevention, evidence on their caries-preventive potential is weak. Future studies are needed to examine the combination of amino acids (esp. arginine) with probiotics as a potential synbiotic against cariogenic pathogens.

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Probiotics in Dentistry ? A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Evaluation of the role of probiotics in endodontic treatment: A preliminary study

Evaluation of the role of probiotics in endodontic treatment: A preliminary study

Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis

Synbiotics in caries prevention: A scoping review

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