Problems and Suggestions Concerning the Notation of Cadmium Stable Isotope Compositions and the Use of Reference Materials

Wombacher, Frank; Rehkämper, Mark

doi:10.1111/j.1751-908x.2004.tb01054.x

Cited by 49 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The "JMC Cd" [7,29], "Münster Cd" [29] and BAM-1012 Cd (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany) [29] reference materials were also analyzed. All Cd isotopic solutions were prepared as 2:1 [Cd]/[Ag] solutions, with a single analysis consuming 150 ng Cd.…”

Section: Isotopic Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…chondrites, meteorites and lunar samples) origins. Reported isotopic variations range from ı 114/110 Cd = −7.8 to +14.8‰ [7,8,15,16,18,20,21,23] relative to the "JMC Cd" reference standard (Johnson Matthey Company) [29] and from ı 66/64 Zn = −3.83 to +6.39‰ [5,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14]17,19,20,22,[24][25][26][27][28] relative to the "JMC Zn-Lyon" reference standard [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Matrix effects on the multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of high-precision cadmium and zinc isotope ratios

Shiel

Barling

Orians

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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Section: Isotopic Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix effects on the multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of high-precision cadmium and zinc isotope ratios

Shiel

Barling

Orians

et al. 2009

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…The purified Cd fractions were analyzed with a Nu Plasma MC-ICPMS instrument coupled with a DSN desolvating sample introduction system at the Imperial College MAGIC Laboratories, using techniques modified from Ripperger and Rehkäm-per (2007). All sample measurements were conducted relative to the JMC Cd Münster Cd isotope reference zero-epsilon reference material (Wombacher and Rehkämper, 2004 Cd double spike for instrumental mass fractionation correction. Five replicate 1 L samples were acidified with HCl, and appropriate amounts of double spike were added to obtain a spike to sample Cd molar ratio of 4 (Gault-Ringold and Stirling 2012).…”

Section: Imperial College Cadmium Isotope Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GEOTRACES IC1 (BATS) contamination‐prone trace element isotopes Cd, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo intercalibration

Boyle

John

Abouchami

et al. 2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

107

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The stable isotope composition of radiogenic and natural elements provides a powerful tool for unraveling element sources and biogeochemical processes in the marine environment. Depending on the element, trace element isotope ratios can (1) narrow possible sources of the element in a sample and/or (given a temporal history boundary condition) constrain the time the when the element departed the ocean surface (e.g., Pb, Nd), (2) provide information on redox processes that the element is directly or indirectly involved in (e.g., Fe, Mo, Tl), (3) indicate the extent of biological uptake and/or ocean mixing of the element (e.g., Cd, Zn).However, these trace metals occur at picomolar to nanomolar concentrations, and precise stable isotope measurements require 100-1000 times more sample than required for concentration determination. AbstractWe report data on the isotopic composition of cadmium, copper, iron, lead, zinc, and molybdenum at the GEOTRACES IC1 BATS Atlantic intercalibration station. In general, the between lab and within-lab precisions are adequate to resolve global gradients and vertical gradients at this station for Cd, Fe, Pb, and Zn. Cd and Zn isotopes show clear variations in the upper water column and more subtle variations in the deep water; these variations are attributable, in part, to progressive mass fractionation of isotopes by Rayleigh distillation from biogenic uptake and/or adsorption. Fe isotope variability is attributed to heavier crustal dust and hydrothermal sources and light Fe from reducing sediments. Pb isotope variability results from temporal changes in anthropogenic source isotopic compositions and the relative contributions of U.S. and European Pb sources. Cu and Mo isotope variability is more subtle and close to analytical precision. Although the present situation is adequate for proceeding with GEOTRACES, it should be possible to improve the within-lab and between-lab precisions for some of these properties.

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“…Rigorously, such comparison should take into account the mass fractionation law that describes the isotope fractionation process. However, considering the range of variation of our dataset (<0.5‰ amu -1 ), the discrepancies between this rigorous approach and the simple mass difference normalization used here are negligible (Wombacher and Rehkämper, 2004). The reference material used in this work is the JMC standard solution (Wombacher et al, 2003).…”

Section: Spectrometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium isotopic composition in the ocean

Lacan

François

et al. 2006

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

159

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The oceanic cycle of cadmium is still poorly understood, despite its importance for phytoplankton growth and paleoceanographic applications. As for other elements that are biologically recycled, variations in isotopic composition may bring unique insights. This article presents i) a protocol for the measurement of cadmium isotopic composition (Cd IC) in seawater and in phytoplankton cells; ii) the first Cd IC data in seawater, from two full depth stations, in the northwest Pacific and the northwest Mediterranean Sea; iii) the first Cd IC data in phytoplankton cells, cultured in vitro. The Cd IC variation range in seawater found at these stations is not greater than 1.5 ε Cd/amu units, only slightly larger than the mean uncertainty of measurement (0.8 ε Cd/amu ). Nevertheless, systematic variations of the Cd IC and concentration in the upper 300m of the northwest Pacific suggest the occurrence of Cd isotopic fractionation by phytoplankton uptake, with a fractionation factor of 1.6±1.4 ε Cd/amu units. This result is supported by the culture experiment data suggesting that freshwater phytoplankton (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella sp.) preferentially take up light Cd isotopes, with a fractionation factor of 3.4±1.4 ε Cd/amu units. Systematic variations of the Cd IC and hydrographic data between 300 and 700m in the northwest Pacific have been tentatively attributed to the mixing of the mesothermal (temperature maximum) water (ε Cd/amu =-0.9±0.8) with the North Pacific Intermediate Water (ε Cd/amu =0.5±0.8). In contrast, no significant Cd IC variation is found in the northwest Mediterranean Sea. This observation was attributed to the small surface Cd depletion by phytoplankton uptake and the similar Cd IC of the different water masses found at this site.Overall, these data suggest that i) phytoplankton uptake fractionates Cd isotopic composition to a measurable degree (fractionation factors of 1.6 and 3.4 ε Cd/amu units, for the in situ and culture experiment data, respectively), ii) an open ocean profile of Cd IC shows upper water column variations consistent with preferential uptake and regeneration of light Cd isotopes, and iii) different water masses may have different Cd IC. This isotopic system could therefore provide information on phytoplankton Cd uptake and on water mass trajectories and mixing in some areas of the ocean. However, the very small Cd IC variations found in this study indicate that applications of Cd isotopic composition to reveal aspects of the present or past Cd oceanic cycle will be very challenging and may require further analytical 3 improvements. Better precision could possibly be obtained with larger seawater samples, a better chemical separation of tin and a more accurate mass bias correction through the use of the double spiking technique.4

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Problems and Suggestions Concerning the Notation of Cadmium Stable Isotope Compositions and the Use of Reference Materials

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Matrix effects on the multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of high-precision cadmium and zinc isotope ratios

Matrix effects on the multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric analysis of high-precision cadmium and zinc isotope ratios

GEOTRACES IC1 (BATS) contamination‐prone trace element isotopes Cd, Fe, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo intercalibration

Cadmium isotopic composition in the ocean

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