Problems and Ways of Straw Use in Ecologically Friendly Agriculture Use of Straw in Ecological Agriculture

Abstract

In the system of ecological farming, new methods and techniques for enriching the soil with organic matter, including straw, as by-products of grain crops, which account for more than 50% of the sown area, are widely used. A some-year-long experience studied the use of straw both in Russian and foreign practice, shows that physiologically active substances in the presence of nitrogen in the soil quickly decompose in the soil and straw fertilizer does not increase clogging. Moreover, the decomposition of straw depends on many reasons: temperature, humidity, fertilizer, soil biota, its abundance, specialization and compaction. With an increase in the share of mineral fertilizers, the enzyme complex of the soil is activated. When using anhydrous ammonia, the number of bacteria involved in the transformation of nitrogenous substances of the soil increases. In any form, nitrogen fertilizers enhance the development of nitrifying microorganisms, weaken negatively affecting ammonifiers. Thus, in its effect on the humus content in the soil, straw can compete with manure. The use of straw as an organic fertilizer is an important reserve for increasing productivity and stabilizing soil fertility, which should be more actively used in ecological farming.