Problems associated with biological age

Ries, W

doi:10.1016/0531-5565(74)90044-8

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Biological age depends on lifestyle factors (such as nutrition, sleep, and exercise habits, exposure to stressful events, smoking), and as such, it is prone to be influenced by changes in this same lifestyle. Thus, for many decades, efforts have been made in order to identify and measure the most reliable combination of parameters that determine biological age (Ries, 1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Radanovic

2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Radanovic

2020

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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In 1974, Dr. Werner Ries wrote that the ability to accurately predict biological age (BA) would be of major importance for geriatrics and that a useful predictor would be quantitative, non-invasive, and reflect human functional capacity (Ries, 1974). Although BA is an abstract concept, it is one that makes intuitive sense and helps explain why different individuals exhibit disparate aging trajectories.

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Human age reversal: Fact or fiction?

et al. 2022

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Although chronological age correlates with various age‐related diseases and conditions, it does not adequately reflect an individual's functional capacity, well‐being, or mortality risk. In contrast, biological age provides information about overall health and indicates how rapidly or slowly a person is aging. Estimates of biological age are thought to be provided by aging clocks, which are computational models (e.g., elastic net) that use a set of inputs (e.g., DNA methylation sites) to make a prediction. In the past decade, aging clock studies have shown that several age‐related diseases, social variables, and mental health conditions associate with an increase in predicted biological age relative to chronological age. This phenomenon of age acceleration is linked to a higher risk of premature mortality. More recent research has demonstrated that predicted biological age is sensitive to specific interventions. Human trials have reported that caloric restriction, a plant‐based diet, lifestyle changes involving exercise, a drug regime including metformin, and vitamin D3 supplementation are all capable of slowing down or reversing an aging clock. Non‐interventional studies have connected high‐quality sleep, physical activity, a healthy diet, and other factors to age deceleration. Specific molecules have been associated with the reduction or reversal of predicted biological age, such as the antihypertensive drug doxazosin or the metabolite alpha‐ketoglutarate. Although rigorous clinical trials are needed to validate these initial findings, existing data suggest that aging clocks are malleable in humans. Additional research is warranted to better understand these computational models and the clinical significance of lowering or reversing their outputs.

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Loss of dendritic spines in aging cerebral cortex

1975

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Previous work has shown that the dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex are sensitive to a wide variety of environmental and surgical manipulations. The present study shows that the normal aging process also affects these spines. The spines were studied with the light microscope in Golgi preparations from rats ranging in age from 3 to 29.5 months. Visible spines were counted on either 25 or 53 mu segments of the basal dendrites, apical dendrites, oblique branches, and terminal tufts of layer V pyramidal cells in area 17. A progressive loss of spines occurred at each of these loci. The smallest observed spine loss (24%) occurred on the dendrites of the terminal tuft, and the largest (40%) on the oblique branches. Age-related spine loss appears to affect all animals, and for animals of any one age the overall loss is similar. However, the cell-to-cell variability within an individual animal is pronounced, some cells with high spine densities being present at every age examined. As a general rule, there is a positive relationship between visible spine density along the apical dendrite as it traverses layer IV and the thickness of the dendrite. With advancing age, the relatively thick dendrites decrease in number so that the thinner dendrites make up an increasingly larger proportion of the total apical dendrite population. Questions that remain for the future include the genesis of the spine loss, its relation to other aging changes, and its functional significance for the neuron.

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Problems associated with biological age

Cited by 12 publications

References 2 publications

Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Cognitive reserve: an evolving concept

Human age reversal: Fact or fiction?

Loss of dendritic spines in aging cerebral cortex

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