Proceso de intercambio de masas de agua de la bahía de Cartagena (Caribe colombiano) basado en la medición de parámetros oceanográficos

Hydrodynamic modelling of a polluted tropical bay: Assessment of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater runoff and estuarine water renewal

“…However, the increased water renewal time scales that would result from decreased discharge-driven water velocities in the bay could in fact worsen the bay's water quality. This risk has been suggested by other authors (Gómez et al, 2009;Grisales et al, 2014) and previously demonstrated using water quality models (Lonin and Tuchkovenko, 1998;Tuchkovenko et al, 2000Tuchkovenko et al, , 2002Tuchkovenko and Lonin, 2003). These modelling studies evaluated various mitigation options and found that the best solution would be to reduce upstream discharge but only in combination with the elimination of local sources of industrial and domestic wastewater, without which the reduction of upstream discharge would result in increased eutrophication and a worsening of oxygen conditions in the bay.…”

“…Movement through the Bocagrande strait is limited by a defensive colonial seawall 2 m below the surface. Bocachica strait consists of a shallow section with depths of 1-3 m as well as a navigation channel which is 100 m wide and 24 m deep (Tuchkovenko and Lonin, 2003;Lonin et al, 2004;Grisales et al, 2014).…”

“…In Cartagena Bay, the 3-dimensional hydrodynamic model CODEGO was developed and used to study various processes: hydrodynamics and sediment transport (Lonin, 1997a;Lonin and Tuchkovenko, 1998;Lonin et al, 2004); eutrophication and oxygen regimes (Lonin and Tuchkovenko, 1998;Tuchkovenko et al, 2000Tuchkovenko et al, , 2002Tuchkovenko and Lonin, 2003); oil spills (Lonin, 1997b(Lonin, , 1999Lonin and Parra, 2005); and pollution due to phenols, fecal coliforms, grease and fats (Lonin, 2009). Other modelling studies in Cartagena Bay have also focused on its water exchange mechanisms (Molares and Mestres, 2012a;Grisales et al, 2014), water levels (Molares and Mestres, 2012b;Andrade et al, 2013Andrade et al, , 2017, tidal dynamics (Palacio et al, 2010; and sediment distribution (Restrepo et al, 2016).…”

“…These modelling studies succeeded in characterizing many of the bay's hydrodynamic and ecological processes. However, no previous study has quantified time scales of water renewal in Cartagena Bay, although some authors have endorsed this need (Gómez et al, 2009;Grisales et al, 2014). Water renewal time scales can effectively reflect a water body's capacity to receive pollution and provide useful information for coastal monitoring and management (Karydis and Kitsiou, 2013).…”

Análisis de los efectos de la descarga del canal del dique sobre la estratificación salina de su desembocadura a la bahía de Cartagena

“…El canal del Dique fue creado artificialmente en 1952, tiene longitud de 115 km desde su desviación en el río Magdalena [13], [14], cuenta con un caudal máximo aproximado de 540 m 3 /s, el cual desemboca en la bahía de Cartagena, y su profundidad oscila entre 0,6 y 2,1 m [15]. Además, en la zona las condiciones de marea presentan amplitud de 16,76 cm en la bahía, con un periodo de aproximadamente 12 horas a un rango promedio de 33,5 cm [10], lo que la clasifica como un régimen de marea micromareal.…”