Process Chain Analysis of Directed Energy Deposition: Energy flows and their influencing factors

Ehmsen, Svenja; Yi, Li; Aurich, Jan C.

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.162

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…PCA is a bottom-up approach that enables carbon accounting at the process level with high granularity (Nian et al, 2014). In PCA, process steps are systematically itemized and decomposed into subprocesses, where input factors relevant to carbon emissions are itemized, such as materials and energy (Ehmsen et al, 2021). PCA provides high granularity in accounting for carbon emissions resulting from each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle because it considers the materials and energy consumption of each engineering process (Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Development Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of nuclear power plant carbon emissions

Liu,

Peng,

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Nuclear power plays a crucial role in achieving the target of carbon neutrality to build a sustainable society. However, it is not “carbon-free” when considering its entire life cycle. Therefore, accurate accounting and monitoring of its generated carbon emissions are required to avoid miscalculations of nuclear energy as a clean energy source. In this study, the life-cycle carbon emissions of nuclear power plants (NPPs) with different reactor types are reviewed. In addition to the characteristic differences among different reactors, disparities in the review results originate from the varying emissions at the respective stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, technology choices at each stage and accounting methods and boundaries. The carbon emissions resulting from NPP construction and operation are underestimated due to the limited data and methods, which creates uncertainty in the evaluation of NPP carbon emissions. An integrated framework for carbon emissions accounting considering the construction and operation of NPPs (CACO-NPP) is proposed. This integrated framework aims to improve the accounting accuracy for carbon emissions originating from NPPs. An emerging Generation III NPP with the latest technology, HPR1000 (an advanced pressurized water reactor), was adopted as a case study. The results show that the total emissions resulting from vegetation loss, equipment manufacturing and labor input during construction and operation are 1232.91 Gg CO2 with a carbon intensity of 1.31 g CO2/kWh, indicating the notable mitigation capability of Generation III NPPs. By combining the maturity of HPR1000 technology with successive design improvements, the carbon emissions of such reactor types could be further reduced. This development is very important for realizing China’s carbon neutrality target.

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Section: Development Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical review of nuclear power plant carbon emissions

Liu,

Peng,

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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“…For these works, the primary energy demand is usually quantified using the life-cycle assessment (LCA) or the cumulative energy demand (CED) method (e.g. [22]).…”

Section: Energy Performance Issues In Additive Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework to Improve the Energy Performance During Design for Additive Manufacturing

Yi¹,

Wu²,

Glatt³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 3rd Conference on Physical Modeling for Virtual Manufacturing Systems and Processes

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is suitable for designing and producing complex components that are difficult or impossible to manufacture with conventional manufacturing processes. To ensure the design benefits of AM, novel design approaches such as structural topology optimization and cellular structure design are widely used and bring up the research domain of design for AM (DfAM). However, conventional DfAM approaches mainly focus on the geometry and manufacturability of AM components and rarely consider energy performance as an improvement objective. Given that the energy consumption in AM processes can be a great contributor to the overall environmental impact in the production stage with AM, the evaluation and improvement of the energy performance of AM should be considered in the DfAM approaches; otherwise, opportunities to improve the energy performance by changing product features are missed. To address this research question, we are proposing a framework that enables the evaluation and improvement of the energy performance of AM in the design stage resulting in a new method for DfAM. To validate the framework, two use cases are presented to illustrate the feasibility of developed methods and tools.

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“…Additionally, as DED is a fairly new technology when compared to the traditional ones,the operation parameters have the potential to be even more optimized. In an energy-based approach to determine the potential environmental impacts of metal powders used by the DED, one paper [27] carried out a cradle-to-gate analysis based on the cumulative energy demand (CED). The DED system's production was once again left out of the scope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of a Circularity Case Study Using Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2022

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Currently, considering the rising concern in climate change, there is a clear necessity for technologies that can prolong the useful life of products through the ability to repair, re-manufacture and refurbish. As such, additive manufacturing has been a subject of research due to its design and resource consumption capabilities. However, there is a lack of more detailed information regarding environmental performances, especially in Directed Energy Deposition technology. The present paper presents a life-cycle assessment of the production and use of Directed Energy Deposition, making use of foreground data to build a life-cycle inventory and quantify the potential impacts. The equipment is analyzed for its refurbishment capabilities on an obsolete mold , and compared with the environmental impact of producing a new mold through conventional technology. The compiled inventory with detailed and primary information will enrich the current literature on this technology. The impact results show that the robot, deposition table and security cell are the most relevant subsystems for the system production impacts. In the refurbishment analysis, the refurbished mold part has lower impacts than the conventionally produced, thus showing that there is great potential in using additive manufacturing for circular economy loops.

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Process Chain Analysis of Directed Energy Deposition: Energy flows and their influencing factors

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Critical review of nuclear power plant carbon emissions

Critical review of nuclear power plant carbon emissions

Framework to Improve the Energy Performance During Design for Additive Manufacturing

Life Cycle Assessment of a Circularity Case Study Using Additive Manufacturing

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