Process intensification approach for design and optimization of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate

Im-orb, Karittha; Arpornwichanop, Amornchai; Simasatitkul, Lida

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00622

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Transesterification process was carried to produce biodiesel in alkali based batch as shown in figure 1 [28]. The reaction flask setup was made such that, it could process under various operating condition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of biodiesel production from different waste oil sources for optimum operation conditions and better engine performance

Doori

Ali

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Journal of Thermal Engineering

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Biodiesel from waste sources can be considered as the cheapest and most viable fuel alternative to depleting mineral diesel. In this work, biodiesel has been produced from different sources of waste oil; grilled chicken waste oil (GCWO) which is animal based source and waste cooking oil (WCO) which is vegetable based using transesterification method. The impact of different variables such as temperature, transesterification time, and amount of catalyst on the conversion and yield of biodiesel were investigated. Produced biodiesel was characterizes using ASTM standard methods for biodiesel property testing to determine the fuel properties including; kinematic viscosity, specific gravity, flash point, pour point, cloud point and acid number. Engine test has been conducted at increasing speed and constant load to evaluate the engine performance using the produced fuel. The results obtained indicate that the yield and conversion of bio-diesel from grilled chicken waste oil are greater than waste cooking oil. Both produced biodiesel fuel properties are within the standard biodiesel fuel specifications ASTM D6751. The maximum conversion and yield of biodiesel obtained by 97.76% and 94.4% suing GWCO and WCO respectively at optimum operating variables of 600C temperature, 3 h reaction time, and 0.4 wt% potassium hydroxide. Engine test results show similar trends for both biodiesels compared to diesel in term of engine brake power (BP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) with increasing engine speed. The maximum reduction in BP is found to be about 19% at 2400 rpm and a maximum increase in BSFC of 17% is obtained at 1800 rpm engine speed with both biodiesels compared to diesel fuel. Accordingly, though both biodiesels show comparable engine performance, GWCO presents higher biodiesel yield.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of biodiesel production from different waste oil sources for optimum operation conditions and better engine performance

Doori

Ali

Ahmed

et al. 2022

Journal of Thermal Engineering

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“…However, PFAD has a high fatty acid content (about 85%). It promotes soap formation when interacting with a homogeneous basic catalyst, thus lowering the ester yield 25 . As a result, a new process design is required to produce ester from PFAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It promotes soap formation when interacting with a homogeneous basic catalyst, thus lowering the ester yield. 25 As a result, a new process design is required to produce ester from PFAD. A one-step non-catalytic reaction between PFAD and methanol was therefore proposed under supercritical conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with 2‐ethyl hexanol for high purity production of biolubricant ester

Pauzi

Ramli

Chen

et al. 2022

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD), a byproduct of crude palm oil (CPO) refining, is an attractive feedstock for biolubricants due to its inedible nature and the fact that its cost is lower than that of palm oil. Ethylhexyl ester is a novel high‐performance biolubricant synthesized via the non‐catalytic esterification of PFAD with 2‐ethylhexanol (2EH), normally the esterification of PFAD with methanol (MeOH). By substituting a longer carbon chain alcohol for MeOH, the cold flow characteristics, flashpoint, and oxidative stability are improved. The optimal esterification parameters were 1:2 (PFAD:2EH) mole ratio, 180 °C, 100 rpm, and 6 h. The kinetic reaction fitted the pseudo‐first order well with an activation energy of 29.89 kJmol−1 and a pre‐exponential factor of 15.05 min−1. The increase in ester purity and conversion from 44 to 95% and 97 to 99.5% were achieved by fractionation via vacuum distillation at 125–200 °C and 47–55 mbar. The physicochemical properties of the ester appear to be suitable as ISO VG 10 lubricant for hydraulic application in terms of kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of 2.9 mm2/s−1, a viscosity index of 243, and a flash point of 180 °C. This study will assist in designing industrial biolubricant reactors. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Furthermore, the combustion emissions of mineral fuel can be considered as the primary contributor to environmental pollution. Therefore, many agreements have been legislated to restrict the increasing global warming, which indicates the utilization of high quality fuels that combust efficiently with fewer pollutants to achieve this target [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though many alternative fuels have been suggested by different researchers to be used in SI engine [8,[11][12][13][14], petroleum based fuel is the most dominant. Hence, focusing on the utilization of high fuel quality to enhance the fuel combustion efficiency is a viable option to face the energy crises challenge and global warming [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives

Ali

Alwan

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Fuel quality is an important indicator for the suitability of alternative fuel for the utilization in internal combustion (IC) engines. In this paper, light naphtha and fusel oil have been introduced as fuel additives for local low octane gasoline to operate a spark ignition (SI) engine. Investigated fuel samples have been prepared based on volume and denoted as GN10 (90% local gasoline and 10% naphtha), GF10 (90% local gasoline and 10% fusel oil), and GN5F5 (90% local gasoline, 5% naphtha and 5% fusel oil) in addition to G100 (Pure local gasoline). Engine tests have been conducted to evaluate engine performance and exhaust emissions at increasing speed and constant wide throttle opening (WTO). The study results reveal varying engine performance obtained with GN10 and GF10 with increasing engine speed compared to local gasoline fuel (G). Moreover, GN5F5 shows higher brake power, lower brake specific fuel consumption, and higher brake thermal efficiency compared to other investigated fuel samples over the whole engine speed. The higher CO and CO2 emissions were obtained with GN10 and GF10, respectively, over the entire engine speed and the minimum CO emissions observed with GN5F5. Moreover, the higher NOx emission was observed with pure local gasoline while the lowest was observed with GF10. On the other hand, GN5F5 shows slightly higher NOx emissions than GF10, which is lower than GN10 and gasoline. Accordingly, GN5F5 shows better engine performance and exhaust emissions, which can enhance the local low gasoline fuel quality using the locally available fuel additives.

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Process intensification approach for design and optimization of biodiesel production from palm fatty acid distillate

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Comparative study of biodiesel production from different waste oil sources for optimum operation conditions and better engine performance

Comparative study of biodiesel production from different waste oil sources for optimum operation conditions and better engine performance

Non‐catalytic esterification of palm fatty acid distillate with 2‐ethyl hexanol for high purity production of biolubricant ester

Operating of Gasoline Engine Using Naphtha and Octane Boosters from Waste as Fuel Additives

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