Process intensification using immobilized enzymes for the development of white biotechnology

Abstract

The current demand for the need of sustainable processes is increasing day by day. The considerable growth in biotechnological industries is attributed to enhanced enzyme production and their stability and...

Is enzyme immobilization a mature discipline? Some critical considerations to capitalize on the benefits of immobilization

“…88 In this way enzyme immobilization is receiving a renewed interest as an enabling technology in the trend of the transition from batch to continuous processes and further process intensification. 72,86,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Examples of process intensification associated with enzyme immobilization include separation unit integration (e.g. integration of enzyme purification and catalyst preparation; in-line product isolation facilitated by easier downstream processing) and reaction intensification (e.g.…”

“…As stated in the introduction, the first goal of an immobilization process is to solve the problem of enzyme recovery and thereby its reuse in multiple reaction batches or its retention for continuous processing. [1][2][3][4]72,86,[88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Hence, a first requisite of immobilization is that there is no risk of enzyme release during operation (Fig. 5).…”

Bioprocess intensification: A route to efficient and sustainable biocatalytic transformations for the future

“…• Increase in conversion of furfuryl alcohol from 48% to 99% in the ultrasonicated system vs. the nonsonicated set-up. • 67% energy saving in ultrasound-assisted transformation to 99% conversion vs non-sonicated system [196] Degradation of free enzyme by ultrasound is more readily observed whilst immobilisation provides greater protection and stability of the enzyme [193,194]. Ultrasound may compromise enzyme activity under excessive exposure times (>1 hour typically) and at high power due to high temperatures attained in the sonicated medium [194].…”

“…In the context of productivity enhancement in bioprocess intensification, ultrasound is generally limited to low power inputs to limit biocatalyst damage whilst still improving the mixing and mass transfer rates of the process. Much research effort has been directed at studying the effects of ultrasound and its cavitation impacts on whole cell fermentations and enzymatic reactions, many of which are discussed in detail in recently published reviews on these subjects [190][191][192][193][194]. A few pertinent and recent examples will be highlighted here to demonstrate the extent of intensification that can be realised by the ultrasound technique in bioprocessing.…”

Recent Trends in Enzyme Immobilization—Concepts for Expanding the Biocatalysis Toolbox

“…Enzyme immobilization has been reviewed recently by several authors, and these provide a good starting point for evaluation of recent developments [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Broadly speaking, two main themes can be identified.…”