Process optimization and stability of d-limonene-in-water nanoemulsions prepared by ultrasonic emulsification using response surface methodology

Li, Po‐Hsien; Chiang, Been‐Huang

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.05.017

Cited by 212 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For emulsification by lowenergy methods, composition variables have much higher influence than preparation variables. 64 Our results agreed with other studies, 58,60 which showed that increased water fraction resulted in an increase in particle sizes.…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…22 Surfactant concentration controls the total surface area of the droplets, rate of droplet dispersion, and coalescence. 58 The concentration of glycerol increases, affecting the properties of TW80 and forcing the glycerol to penetrate the interfacial region, accounting for the observed decrease in droplet size and particle-size distribution.…”

Section: Glycerol Weight Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Droplet size was reduced upon an increase in mixing rate, because the applied mechanical energy broke up and ensured an even distribution of the surfactant-oil phase in the aqueous phase. 58 If the mixing rate was too high, it promotes destabilization mechanisms like coalescence and sedimentation, resulting in larger final droplets. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

Su¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

IJN

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This research aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsion-based formulation containing ceramide IIIB using phase-inversion composition for transdermal delivery. The effects of ethanol, propylene glycol (PG), and glycerol in octyldodecanol and Tween 80 systems on the size of the nanoemulsion region in the phase diagrams were investigated using water titration. Subsequently, ceramide IIIB loading was kept constant (0.05 wt%), and the proposed formulation and conditions were optimized via preliminary screening and experimental design. Factors such as octyldodecanol/(Tween 80:glycerol) weight ratio, water content, temperature, addition rate, and mixing rate were investigated in the preliminary screening experiment. Response surface methodology was employed to study the effect of water content (30%–70%, w/w), mixing rate (400–720 rpm), temperature (20°C–60°C), and addition rate (0.3–1.8 mL/min) on droplet size and polydispersity index. The mathematical model showed that the optimum formulation and conditions for preparation of ceramide IIIB nanoemulsion with desirable criteria were a temperature of 41.49°C, addition rate of 1.74 mL/min, water content of 55.08 wt%, and mixing rate of 720 rpm. Under optimum formulation conditions, the corresponding predicted response values for droplet size and polydispersity index were 15.51 nm and 0.12, respectively, which showed excellent agreement with the actual values (15.8 nm and 0.108, respectively), with no significant ( P >0.05) differences.

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supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Glycerol Weight Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formulation, development, and optimization of a novel octyldodecanol-based nanoemulsion for transdermal delivery of ceramide IIIB

Su¹,

Yang²,

Wang³

et al. 2017

IJN

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“…Limonene is widely used in food and cosmetic industries, and also in production of refrigerant fluids, paints, agrochemicals and cleaning agents. [8][9][10][11][12][13] R-(+)-limonene is the major component (about 97%) of the orange oil obtained from orange and lemon peels (biomass) which are the waste product of the citrus fruit industry. The main methods of obtaining orange oil from the orange peels are: cold pressing and distillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fragrant starch-based films with limonene

Antosik¹,

Wilpiszewska²,

Wróblewska³

et al. 2017

10.5267/j.ccl

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Novel fragrant starch-based films with limonene were successfully prepared. Biodegradable materials of natural origin were used and the process was relatively simple and inexpensive. The effect of limonene on physicochemical properties of starch-based films (moisture absorption, solubility in water, wettability, mechanical properties) were compared to glycerol plasticized system. Taking into consideration that the obtained materials could also exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal properties, the studies with Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger were performed. Such a material could potentially find application in food packaging (e.g. masking unpleasant odors, hydrophilic starch film would prevent food drying), or in agriculture (e.g. for seed encapsulated tapes).

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“…The droplet size and size distribution of nanoemulsion was also characterized. Hence, instead of using high energy sonication and microfluidization of d-limonene to form nanoemulsion 17 , stable d-limonene nanoemulsion was prepared by the addition of an optimum microemulsion composition directly into water by gentle mixing at room temperature. The studies provide guidance to prepare d-limonene nanoemulsion system by low energy for practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%