Processing and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead‐Free (K,Na) (Nb,Ta) O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics

Matsubara, Masahiro; Yamaguchi, Toshiaki; Sakamoto, Wataru; Kikuta, Koichi; Yogo, Toshinobu; Hirano, Shin‐ichi

doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00229.x

Cited by 442 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…2 These research efforts have been largely focused on ceramics based on ͑K 0.5 Na 0.5 ͒NbO 3 ͑KNN͒ and ͑Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ͒TiO 3 ͑BNT͒, and piezoelectric coefficient d 33 values close to that of Pb-containing ceramics have been reported. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] While d 33 is an important benchmark value in piezoelectric ceramics, it is not the decisive quantity in all applications: for actuator applications, it is often desirable to have large field-induced strain, even when the remanent polarization and correspondingly d 33 at zero field is small. We recently observed giant electric field-induced strains ͑up to 0.45%͒ in ceramics of the ͑1−x − y͒ ͑Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ͒TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 -y͑K 0.5 Na 0.5 ͒NbO 3 system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Tan

Aulbach

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Prior studies have shown that a field-induced ferroelectricity in ceramics with general chemical formula (1−x−y)(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-xBaTiO3-y(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 and a very low remanent strain can produce very large piezoelectric strains. Here we show that both the longitudinal and transverse strains gradually change with applied electric fields even during the transition from the nonferroelectric to the ferroelectric state, in contrast to known Pb-containing antiferroelectrics. Hence, the volume change and, in turn, the phase transition can be affected using uniaxial compressive stresses, and the effect on ferroelectricity can thus be assessed. It is found that the 0.94(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-0.05BaTiO3-0.01(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3ceramic (largely ferroelectric), with a rhombohedral R3c symmetry, displays large ferroelectric domains, significant ferroelastic deformation, and large remanent electrical polarizations even at a 250 MPa compressive stress. In comparison, the 0.91(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-0.07BaTiO3-0.02(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3ceramic (largely nonferroelectric) possesses characteristics of a relaxor ferroelectricceramic, including a pseudocubic structure, limited ferroelastic deformation, and low remanent polarization. The results are discussed with respect of the proposed antiferroelectric nature of the nonferroelectric state. Prior studies have shown that a field-induced ferroelectricity in ceramics with general chemical formula ͑1−x − y͒͑Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ͒TiO 3 -xBaTiO 3 -y͑K 0.5 Na 0.5 ͒NbO 3 and a very low remanent strain can produce very large piezoelectric strains. Here we show that both the longitudinal and transverse strains gradually change with applied electric fields even during the transition from the nonferroelectric to the ferroelectric state, in contrast to known Pb-containing antiferroelectrics. Hence, the volume change and, in turn, the phase transition can be affected using uniaxial compressive stresses, and the effect on ferroelectricity can thus be assessed. It is found that the 0.94͑Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ͒TiO 3 -0.05BaTiO 3 -0.01͑K 0.5 Na 0.5 ͒NbO 3 ceramic ͑largely ferroelectric͒, with a rhombohedral R3c symmetry, displays large ferroelectric domains, significant ferroelastic deformation, and large remanent electrical polarizations even at a 250 MPa compressive stress. In comparison, the 0.91͑Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ͒TiO 3 -0.07BaTiO 3 -0.02͑K 0.5 Na 0.5 ͒NbO 3 ceramic ͑largely nonferroelectric͒ possesses characteristics of a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, including a pseudocubic structure, limited ferroelastic deformation, and low remanent polarization. The results are discussed with respect of the proposed antiferroelectric nature of the nonferroelectric state.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Tan

Aulbach

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Therefore, there is a great need to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with excellent piezoelectric properties for replacing the lead-containing ceramics in various applications. Several lead-free piezoelectric ceramics such as Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 -based materials, [1][2][3][4] Bi-layered structure materials, 5,6 tungsten bronze-type materials, 7 BaTiO 3 -based ceramics, 8 and alkaline niobatebased materials [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] have been extensively investigated. An important progress of grain-oriented alkaline niobate-based ceramics has been reported recently 22 and piezoelectric ceramics should be "lead-free at last."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and electrical properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3–LiSbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Lin¹,

Kwok²,

Lam³

et al. 2007

Journal of Applied Physics

173

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Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics ͑1−x͒K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 -xLiSbO 3 have been fabricated by a conventional ceramic sintering technique. The results of x-ray diffraction suggest that Li + and Sb 5+ diffuse into the K 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 lattices to form a solid solution with a perovskite structure. The ceramics can be well sintered at 1070-1110°C. The introduction of LiSbO 3 into the Na 0.5 K 0.5 NbO 3 solid solution decreases slightly the paraelectric cubic-ferroelectric tetragonal phase transition temperature ͑T c ͒, but greatly shifts the ferroelectric tetragonal-ferroelectric orthorhombic phase transition ͑T O-F ͒ to room temperature. Coexistence of the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases is formed at 0.05Ͻ x Ͻ 0.07 at room temperature, leading to a significant enhancement of the piezoelectric properties. For the ceramic with x = 0.06, the piezoelectric properties become optimum: piezoelectric constant d 33 = 212 pC/ N, planar and thickness electromechanical coupling factors k P = 46% and k t = 47%, respectively, remanent polarization P r = 15.0 C/cm 2 , coercive field E c = 1.74 kV/ mm, and Curie temperature T C = 358°C.

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“…It was established that Ta substitution for Nb, changes the properties of KNbO 3 and the authors also demonstrated that small amounts of Ta for Nb could enhance the piezoelectric properties of KNN ceramics [72,91]. Saito et al [92] also developed a lead-free system containing a blend of alkaline niobate (T c = 415°C) based solid solution with LiTaO 3 (T c = 615°C).…”

Section: Knbo 3 -Based Ceramicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials

2009

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Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) based piezoelectric materials are well known for their excellent piezoelectric properties. However, considering the toxicity of lead and its compounds, there is a general awareness for the development of environmental friendly lead-free materials as evidenced from the legislation passed by the European Union in this effect. Several classes of materials are now being considered as potentially attractive alternatives to PZTs for specific applications. In this paper, attempts have been made to review the recent developments on lead-free piezo materials emphasizing on their preparation, structure-property correlation, etc. In this context, perovskite systems such as bismuth sodium titanate, alkali niobates (ANbO 3 ), etc. and non-perovskites such as bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics are reviewed in detail. From the above study, it is concluded that some lead-free compositions show stable piezoelectric responses even though they do not match the overall performance of PZT. This has been the stimulant for growing research on this subject. This topic is of current interest to the researchers worldwide as evidenced from the large number of research publications. This has motivated us to come out with a review article with a view that it would give further impetus to the researchers already working in this area and also draw the attention of the others.

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Processing and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead‐Free (K,Na) (Nb,Ta) O₃ Ceramics

Cited by 442 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Structure and electrical properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3–LiSbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials

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Processing and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead‐Free (K,Na) (Nb,Ta) O3 Ceramics

Cited by 442 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Effect of uniaxial stress on ferroelectric behavior of (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Structure and electrical properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3–LiSbO3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

Review: environmental friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials

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Processing and Piezoelectric Properties of Lead‐Free (K,Na) (Nb,Ta) O₃ Ceramics