Processing and properties of polymer composites containing aligned functionalized carbon nanofibers

Lim, Chee-Sern; Rodriguez, Alejandro J.; Guzman, Mauricio E.; Schaefer, Joseph; Minaie, Bob

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2011.01.010

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, the improvement of the electrical conductivities was not that remarkable. It has been reported that higher the oxygen concentration present in the CNFs, then higher is the content of CNFs required to reach the percolation threshold [44]. During the preparation of the Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs, a strong acid was employed to treat the CNFs, which might have introduced some defects and some oxidative surface groups.…”

Section: Alignment Of Fe 3 O 4 @Cnfs In the Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy nanocomposites containing magnetite-carbon nanofibers aligned using a weak magnetic field

Ladani

Zhang

et al. 2015

Polymer

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a b s t r a c tNovel magnetite-carbon nanofiber hybrids (denoted by "Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs") have been developed by coating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with magnetite nanoparticles in order to align CNFs in epoxy using a relatively weak magnetic field. Experimental results have shown that a weak magnetic field (~50 mT) can align these newly-developed nanofiber hybrids to form a chain-like structure in the epoxy resin. Upon curing, the epoxy nanocomposites containing the aligned Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs show (i) greatly improved electrical conductivity in the alignment direction and (ii) significantly higher fracture toughness when the Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs are aligned normal to the crack surface, compared to the nanocomposites containing randomly-oriented Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs. The mechanisms underpinning the significant improvements in the fracture toughness have been identified, including interfacial debonding, pull-out, crack bridging and rupture of the Fe 3 O 4 @CNFs, and plastic void growth in the polymer matrix.

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Section: Alignment Of Fe 3 O 4 @Cnfs In the Epoxy Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy nanocomposites containing magnetite-carbon nanofibers aligned using a weak magnetic field

Ladani

Zhang

et al. 2015

Polymer

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“…These challenges can be overcome by changing the CNFs chemical composition to create a nanohybrid material with unique characteristics, which allow easy handling. It has been reported that functionalized carbon nanofibers can be aligned in composite materials using AC electric field, which leads to significant decrease of the electrical resistivity in the direction of the aligned CNFs and to increase of the compressive modulus and compressive strength [22]. It is well known that a magnetic field may align small and light objects parallel to that field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

Silva

Salas

Nedev

et al. 2017

Journal of Nanomaterials

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Carbon nanohybrid material (CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 ) was obtained via a modified sol-gel technique consisting of two steps: functionalization of carbon nanofibers (CNF) in H 2 SO 4 /HNO 3 followed by synthesis using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 •9H 2 O. As a result, the iron content of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 was increased by more than twice from about 40% to about 87% mass percent, compared to the pristine CNF and oxidized CNF specimens, as proved by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Scanning electron microscopy images exhibited "cumulus" on the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 specimen surface, which showed the highest iron mass percentage, proved by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed attachment of -Fe 2 O 3 cumulus to the inner and outer surfaces of the CNF walls after synthesis. The characteristic peaks of Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 appeared in the XPS spectra obtained on CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 . In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated formation of -Fe 2 O 3 during the synthesis process. The Raman spectrum of the CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 sample displays peaks with positions close to characteristic peaks of highly crystalline and monodisperse maghemite nanocrystallites. The synthesis of CNF/ -Fe 2 O 3 leads to an increase in the hydrophilicity of CNF and magnetic properties at room temperature.

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“…However, the full potential of carbon nanomaterials is yet to be realized due to difficulties of dispersing and aligning such additives in polymers [16][17][18]. Recently, it was reported that an electric field can be employed to align carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [19,20], carbon nanofibres (CNFs) [21,22] and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) [23], with the resulting polymeric nanocomposites exhibiting significantly improved fracture toughness and electrical conductivity compared with their randomly-oriented counterparts. The application of a magnetic field is also as an effective way to align carbon nanomaterials in polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel route for tethering graphene with iron oxide and its magnetic field alignment in polymer nanocomposites

Zhang

Ladani

et al. 2016

Polymer

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We present a new route for tethering graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles to enable their alignment in an epoxy using a weak magnetic field. The GNPs are first stabilised in water using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles are then attached via coprecipitation. The resultant Fe 3 O 4 /PVP-GNPs nanohybrids are superparamagnetic and can be aligned in an epoxy resin, before gelation, by applying a weak magnetic field as low as 0.009 T.A theoretical model describing the alignment process is presented. The resulting nanocomposites exhibit anisotropic properties with significantly improved electrical conductivities (three orders of magnitude) in the alignment direction and dramatically increased fracture energy (about 530%) when the nanohybrids are aligned transverse to the crack growth direction, compared with the unmodified epoxy. Compared with the randomly-oriented nanocomposites, these aligned nanocomposites show approximately 50% increase in toughness transverse to the alignment direction and a seven-fold increase in electrical conductivity in the alignment direction.

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Processing and properties of polymer composites containing aligned functionalized carbon nanofibers

Cited by 52 publications

References 26 publications

Epoxy nanocomposites containing magnetite-carbon nanofibers aligned using a weak magnetic field

Epoxy nanocomposites containing magnetite-carbon nanofibers aligned using a weak magnetic field

Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers with Maghemite via a Modified Sol-Gel Technique

A novel route for tethering graphene with iron oxide and its magnetic field alignment in polymer nanocomposites

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