Processo de formação de crostas superficiais em razão de sistemas de preparo do solo e chuva simulada

Rosa, Jaqueline Dalla; Cooper, Miguel; Darboux, Frédéric; Medeiros, João Carlos

doi:10.1590/s0100-06832013000200011

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Soil crusting was visually observed by the authors during the experimental period, but was not quantified. Several studies confirm the occurrence of sealing and crusting of the surface by the action of rain and/or runoff under various management conditions, especially on bare soil (Reichert et al, 1994;Reichert and Norton, 1995;Lado et al, 2004;Le Bissonnais et al, 2005;Rosa et al, 2013).…”

Section: Losses Of Water and Soil Through Erosionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Water Erosion in Different Slope Lengths on Bare Soil

Bagio

Bertol

Wolschick

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Water erosion degrades the soil and contaminates the environment, and one influential factor on erosion is slope length. The aim of this study was to quantify losses of soil (SL) and water (WL) in a Humic Cambisol in a field experiment under natural rainfall conditions from July 4, 2014 to June 18, 2015 in individual events of 41 erosive rains in the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina and to estimate soil losses through the USLE and RUSLE models. The treatments consisted of slope lengths of 11, 22, 33, and 44 m, with an average degree of slope of 8 %, on bare and uncropped soil that had been cultivated with corn prior to the study. At the end of the corn cycle, the stalk residue was removed from the surface, leaving the roots of the crop in the soil. Soil loss by water erosion is related linearly and positively to the increase in slope length in the span between 11 and 44 m. Soil losses were related to water losses and the Erosivity Index (EI 30 ), while water losses were related to rain depth. Soil losses estimated by the USLE and RUSLE model showed lower values than the values observed experimentally in the field, especially the values estimated by the USLE. The values of factor L calculated for slope length of 11, 22, 33, and 44 m for the two versions (USLE and RUSLE) of the soil loss prediction model showed satisfactory results in relation to the values of soil losses observed.

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Section: Losses Of Water and Soil Through Erosionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Water Erosion in Different Slope Lengths on Bare Soil

Bagio

Bertol

Wolschick

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Studies have recommended the adoption of soil conservation systems, such as reduced or no-tillage, to prevent soil structural degradation, crust formation and soil loss by erosion [23][24][25][26]. Part of this study has already been published and showed that the greater soil revolving and incorporation of crop residues, promotes greater degradation by drop impact and crust formation [27]. However, many aspects about the process dynamics of crust formation in these tillage systems still need clarification, such as the changes caused by rain events on the surface porosity and the predominant pore types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The rainfall was applied to an area corresponding to 1 m 2 . Studies using rainfall simulators are frequently used to evaluate surface degradation and crust formation [27], aggregate breakdown [22,31] and soil erosion [32].…”

Section: First Year Of Experiments (2009)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The raindrop impact on the bare soil surface promotes mechanical breakdown of aggregates [12], splash and crusting. The crusts formed in CT were classified as sieving crusts [27]. These are primarily developed by the separation of soil particles by the direct impact of the raindrops after which, with water infiltration, the dispersed material is reorganized into layers [4].…”

Section: Effect Of Simulated Rainfall On Crust Formation and Porositymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Crust Formation on Soil Porosity under Tillage Systems and Simulated Rainfall

et al. 2017

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Surface crusts, formed by raindrop impact, degrade the soil surface structure causing changes in porosity. An experiment was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of the formation of a crusting layer on the porosity (percentage of area, shape and size) of a Haplic Acrisol under three tillage systems, and simulated rainfall. The tillage systems were: conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT). Each tillage system was submitted to different levels of simulated rainfall (0, 27, 54 and 80 mm) at an intensity of 80 mm·h −1 . Undisturbed soil samples were collected and resin impregnated for image analysis in two layers: layer 1 (0-1 cm) and layer 2 (1-2 cm). Image analysis was used to obtain the pore area percentage, pore shape and size. The degradation of the soil surface and change in porosity, caused by rainfall, occurred differently in the tillage systems. In the CT and RT systems, the most pronounced pore changes caused by rainfall occurred in layer 1, but in the NT system, this change occurred in layer 2. The rainfall caused change of pore area percentage in the CT and RT systems, with reduction of complex and an increase of rounded pores. The NT system showed greater occurrence of the rounded pores (vesicles), originated by processes of wetting below the residue cover, and by alternating periods of wetting and drying. In this study, the changes in porosity were attributed to two main factors: (1) to the effect of the raindrop directly on the soil surface (for CT and RT tillage systems) and (2) water transfer processes in the soil surface (for NT systems).

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“…According to Dalla Rosa et al (2013), the application of rain on turned-over soil without cover causes degradation of the surface structure, which, afterwards, is reorganized and oriented at the surface. This is related to the low stability of the soil aggregates cultivated under this system, which is caused by the reduction in biological quality of the soil (Aziz et al, 2013) and by the effect of the increased number of diskings, which lead to break up of the surface layer of the soil.…”

Section: Effect Of Rain On Surface Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Tillage and Plant Residue on Surface Roughness of an Oxisol Under Simulated Rain

Panachuki

Bertol

Sobrinho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Surface roughness of the soil is formed by mechanical tillage and is also influenced by the kind and amount of plant residue, among other factors. Its persistence over time mainly depends on the fundamental characteristics of rain and soil type. However, few studies have been developed to evaluate these factors in Latossolos (Oxisols). In this study, we evaluated the effect of soil tillage and of amounts of plant residue on surface roughness of an Oxisol under simulated rain. Treatments consisted of the combination of the tillage systems of no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT), and minimum tillage (MT) with rates of plant residue of 0, 1, and 2 Mg ha -1 of oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) and 0, 3, and 6 Mg ha -1 of maize (Zea mays L.). Seven simulated rains were applied on each experimental plot, with intensity of 60±2 mm h -1 and duration of 1 h at weekly intervals. The values of the random roughness index ranged from 2.94 to 17.71 mm in oats, and from 5.91 to 20.37 mm in maize, showing that CT and MT are effective in increasing soil surface roughness. It was seen that soil tillage operations carried out with the chisel plow and the leveling disk harrow are more effective in increasing soil roughness than those carried out with the heavy disk harrow and leveling disk harrow. The roughness index of the soil surface decreases exponentially with the increase in the rainfall volume applied under conditions of no tillage without soil cover, conventional tillage, and minimum tillage. The oat and maize crop residue present on the soil surface is effective in maintaining the roughness of the soil surface under no-tillage.

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Processo de formação de crostas superficiais em razão de sistemas de preparo do solo e chuva simulada

Cited by 11 publications

References 21 publications

Water Erosion in Different Slope Lengths on Bare Soil

Water Erosion in Different Slope Lengths on Bare Soil

Influence of Crust Formation on Soil Porosity under Tillage Systems and Simulated Rainfall

Effect of Soil Tillage and Plant Residue on Surface Roughness of an Oxisol Under Simulated Rain

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